Homer Iliad 22.289

ed. George Chapman

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Iliad. Homer. ed. George Chapman. London. 1887.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Current edition Experimental

English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) (English) (English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)
Ἰλιάς Perseus (Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.) — 22.289 focus
Translations (8)
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1924-1925.) — 22.289 focus
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad of Homer, rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. London: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1898.) — 22.344 focus
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020)) — 22.289 focus
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it. [290] His aim was true for he hit the middle of Achilles’ shield, but the spear rebounded from it, and did not pierce it. Hector was angry when he saw that the weapon had sped from his hand in vain, and stood there in dismay for he had no second spear. With a loud cry he called Deiphobos and asked him for one, [295] but there was no man; then he saw the truth and said to himself, “Alas! the gods have lured me on to my destruction. I thought that the hero Deiphobos was by my side, but he is within the wall, and Athena has inveigled me; [300] death is now indeed exceedingly near at hand and there is no way out of it—for so Zeus and his son Apollo the far-darter have willed it, though heretofore they have been ever ready to protect me. My doom has come upon me; let me not then die ingloriously and without a struggle, [305] but let me first do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter.”
English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870)) — 22.289 focus
English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857)) — 22.289 focus
He spoke, and launch'd his javelin at the foe;
But Hector shunn'd the meditated blow:
350
He stoop'd, while o'er his head the flying spear
Sung innocent, and spent its force in air.
Minerva watch'd it falling on the land,
Then drew, and gave to great Achilles' hand,
Unseen of Hector, who, elate with joy,
355
Now shakes his lance, and braves the dread of Troy:
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 22.289 focus
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 22.289 focus
English (F. W. Newman, 1856) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (F. W. Newman, 1856)) — 22 focus

New Alexandria Commentaries

Douglas Frame

evidence for contention that Od. XVIII.265 is very old, as ἤ κεν and ἢ κεν is likely older than ἠέ κεν and ἢε κεν.

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analysis of meaning of halonai, “to be killed” as a genuine opposite of hairéō

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Gregory Nagy

The time has come for Hector to die at the hands of Achilles, and his final moments of life are singularly grim. Achilles shows him no mercy, expressing the most brutal thoughts even before he vengefully finishes off the killer of Patroklos. Hector is forced to know in advance, before he loses consciousness to the death blow from Achilles, that his executioner intends to mutilate his corpse instead of allowing for a proper funeral. And the form of this mutilation is particularly horrific and morally shocking: attaching the body of Hector to the back of his chariot, Achilles will drag it around the walls of Troy for all to see the humiliation of his hated enemy. Is there any hope, then, for transcending such degradation? Only divine intervention, in the story yet to be told, could prevent the disfigurement of a heroic body’s beauty in death. But the story of transcendence must wait. For now, the focus is on the horror and the sorrow of a heroic death as seen through the eyes of Hector’s lamenting widow Andromache.

draft js image errorCopperplate etching (1795) by Tommaso Piroli, after a drawing (1793) by John Flaxman. Image via Wikimedia Commons.

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Leonard Muellner

analysis of the meaning of epidōsometh’ in I.10.463 and its variant reading epibōsometh’

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Richard Martin

Achilles' words to Hektor at 22.268-69, "order Hektor to 'remember every sort of excellence: now you must be spearman and intrepid fighter,'" deploy the formulaic "remember strength" phrase in a radically changed way. As the analysis of battle formulas shows, it is always the commander urging on his own troops who uses this turn of phrase. By throwing this familiar encouragement at Hektor, Achilles violates a linguistic constraint with precisely the same tonal effect as when he uses "winged words" to an enemy. The ultimate rhetorical insult to a warrior is to be infantilized or feminized: if Achilles can "remind" Hektor how to fight, he has already negated Hektor's ability to win. This is a strategy Hektor knows as well, since he used a direct "quotation" to Patroklos (the alleged "order" of Achilles, 16.838-41) in order to reduce his adversary to the status of an unthinking, obedient follower of directions. Here the rhetoric of recollection comes full circle: a commander's persuasive power depends on an ability to construct memories, and so does a warrior's attack on the enemy (Martin 1993:83-85).

For the broader analysis of memory as a muthos genre, see the comment on Iliad 1.259-274.

References

Martin, R. P. 1993. The Language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca.

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An observance of the role of speech in combat marks Hektor's later flyting speeches. He vows that Achilles will not complete his words (muthois, 20.365), and later attempts to insult his opponent with the conventional "words not deeds" tactic: "You were somewhat glib with words (artiepēs) and thieving about speeches (epiklopos muthōn)," he says when Achilles has missed him with the spear (22.281). The insult makes a global stylistic comment because it implies that Achilles' form was good at the level of utterance (epos), but his authority to speak, based on warring skill, was lacking—he only stole others' muthoi. Yet Hektor is upstaged as a critic of flyting language by Aeneas, whose long discourse on insults delivered to Achilles (20.200-58) is one Hektor can only manage a fraction of, and which strikes us as a borrowing from his cousin at that (20.431-33 = 20.200-202). As Hektor nears his death, he begins to lose confidence not only as a fighter but as one who creatively manipulates the language of war (Martin 1993:135-36).

For the broader analysis of Hektor's flyting style, see the comment on Iliad 4.336-421.

References

Martin, R. P. 1993. The Language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca.

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