Iliad. Homer. Samuel Butler (Translator). London. 1898.
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Ox-vision Hera trembled as he spoke, [35] and said, “May the heavens above and earth below be my witnesses, with the waters of the river Styx—and this is the most solemn oath that a blessed god can take—I tell you, I swear also by your own almighty head and by our bridal bed [40] —things over which I could never possibly perjure myself—that Poseidon is not punishing Hector and the Trojans and helping the Achaeans through any doing of mine; it is all of his own mere notion because he was sorry to see the Achaeans hard pressed at their ships: [45] if I were advising him, I should tell him to do as you tell him.”
The sire of gods and men smiled and answered, “If you, ox-vision Hera, [50] were always to support me when we sit in council of the gods, Poseidon, like it or no, would soon come round to your and my way of thinking. If, then, you are speaking the truth and mean what you say, go among the rank and file of the gods, and tell [55] Iris and Apollo, lord of the bow, that I want them—Iris, that she may go to the bronze-armored Achaean army and tell Poseidon to leave off fighting and go home, and Apollo, that he may send Hector again into battle [60] and give him fresh strength; he will thus forget his present sufferings, and drive the Achaeans back in confusion till they fall among the ships of Achilles son of Peleus. Achilles will then send his comrade Patroklos into battle, [65] and glorious Hector will kill him in front of Ilion after he has slain many warriors, and among them my own noble son Sarpedon. Achilles will kill Hector to avenge Patroklos, and from that time I will bring it about that the Achaeans shall persistently drive the Trojans back [70] till they fulfill the counsels of Athena and take Ilion. But I will not stay my anger, nor permit any god to help the Danaans till I have accomplished the desire of the son of Peleus, [75] according to the promise I made by bowing my head on the day when Thetis touched my knees and besought me to give Achilles, ransacker of cities, honor.”
Current edition Experimental
English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Butler, rev. Nagy et al., 2020))
Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.
Editions (1)
Ἰλιάς Perseus (Homer. Homeri Opera, Volumes 1-2. Monro, D. B. (David Binning), editor; Allen, Thomas W. (Thomas William), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920.) — 15.34 focus
ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη,
καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
35
ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα καὶ Οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθε
καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος
ὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι,
σή θʼ ἱερὴ κεφαλὴ καὶ νωΐτερον λέχος αὐτῶν
κουρίδιον, τὸ μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ ποτε μὰψ ὀμόσαιμι·
40
μὴ διʼ ἐμὴν ἰότητα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων
πημαίνει Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα, τοῖσι δʼ ἀρήγει,
ἀλλά που αὐτὸν θυμὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει,
τειρομένους δʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰδὼν ἐλέησεν Ἀχαιούς.
αὐτάρ τοι καὶ κείνῳ ἐγὼ παραμυθησαίμην
45
τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ κεν δὴ σὺ κελαινεφὲς ἡγεμονεύῃς.
ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε,
καί μιν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη
ἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι καθίζοις,
50
τώ κε Ποσειδάων γε, καὶ εἰ μάλα βούλεται ἄλλῃ,
αἶψα μεταστρέψειε νόον μετὰ σὸν καὶ ἐμὸν κῆρ.
ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥʼ ἐτεόν γε καὶ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύεις,
ἔρχεο νῦν μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν, καὶ δεῦρο κάλεσσον
Ἶρίν τʼ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα κλυτότοξον,
55
ὄφρʼ ἣ μὲν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων
ἔλθῃ, καὶ εἴπῃσι Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι
παυσάμενον πολέμοιο τὰ ἃ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἱκέσθαι,
Ἕκτορα δʼ ὀτρύνῃσι μάχην ἐς Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,
αὖτις δʼ ἐμπνεύσῃσι μένος, λελάθῃ δʼ ὀδυνάων
60
αἳ νῦν μιν τείρουσι κατὰ φρένας, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς
αὖτις ἀποστρέψῃσιν ἀνάλκιδα φύζαν ἐνόρσας,
φεύγοντες δʼ ἐν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι πέσωσι
Πηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος· ὃ δʼ ἀνστήσει ὃν ἑταῖρον
Πάτροκλον· τὸν δὲ κτενεῖ ἔγχεϊ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ
65
Ἰλίου προπάροιθε πολέας ὀλέσαντʼ αἰζηοὺς
τοὺς ἄλλους, μετὰ δʼ υἱὸν ἐμὸν Σαρπηδόνα δῖον.
τοῦ δὲ χολωσάμενος κτενεῖ Ἕκτορα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.
ἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἄν τοι ἔπειτα παλίωξιν παρὰ νηῶν
αἰὲν ἐγὼ τεύχοιμι διαμπερὲς εἰς ὅ κʼ Ἀχαιοὶ
70
Ἴλιον αἰπὺ ἕλοιεν Ἀθηναίης διὰ βουλάς.
τὸ πρὶν δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼ παύω χόλον οὔτέ τινʼ ἄλλον
ἀθανάτων Δαναοῖσιν ἀμυνέμεν ἐνθάδʼ ἐάσω
πρίν γε τὸ Πηλεΐδαο τελευτηθῆναι ἐέλδωρ,
ὥς οἱ ὑπέστην πρῶτον, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπένευσα κάρητι,
75
ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἐμεῖο θεὰ Θέτις ἥψατο γούνων,
λισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον.
Translations (8)
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad, Volume 1-2. Murray, A. T. (Augustus Taber), translator. London: William Heinmann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1924-1925.) — 15.34 focus
So spake he, and the ox-eyed, queenly Hera shuddered;
35
and she spake and addressed him with winged words:
Hereto now be Earth my witness and the broad Heaven above, and the down-flowing water of Styx, which is the greatest and most dread oath for the blessed gods, and thine own sacred head, and the couch of us twain, couch of our wedded love,
40
whereby I verily would never forswear myself —not by my will doth Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, work harm to the Trojans and Hector, and give succour to their foes. Nay, I ween, it is his own soul that urgeth and biddeth him on, and he hath seen the Achaeans sore-bested by their ships and taken pity upon them.
45
But I tell thee, I would counsel even him to walk in that way, wherein thou, O lord of the dark cloud, mayest lead him.
So spake she, and the father of men and gods smiled, and made answer, and spake to her with winged words:
If in good sooth, O ox-eyed, queenly Hera,
50
thy thought hereafter were to be one with my thought as thou sittest among the immortals, then would Poseidon, how contrary soever his wish might be, forthwith bend his mind to follow thy heart and mine. But if verily thou speakest in frankness and in truth, go thou now among the tribes of gods and call
55
Iris to come hither, and Apollo, famed for his bow, that she may go amid the host of the brazen-coated Achaeans, and bid the lord Poseidon that he cease from war, and get him to his own house; but let Phoebus Apollo rouse Hector to the fight,
60
and breathe strength into him again, and make him forget the pains that now distress his heart; and let him drive the Achaeans back once more, when he has roused in them craven panic; so shall they flee and fall among the many-benched ships of Achilles, son of Peleus, and he shall send forth his comrade
65
Patroclus, howbeit him shall glorious Hector slay with the spear before the face of Ilios, after himself hath slain many other youths, and among them withal my son, goodly Sarpedon. And in wrath for Patroclus shall goodly Achilles slay Hector. Then from that time forth shall I cause a driving back of the Trojans from the ships
70
evermore continually, until the Achaeans shall take steep Ilios through the counsels of Athene. But until that hour neither do I refrain my wrath, nor will I suffer any other of the immortals to bear aid to the Danaans here, until the desire of the son of Peleus be fulfilled,
75
even as I promised at the first and bowed my head thereto, on the day when the goddess Thetis clasped my knees, beseeching me to do honour to Achilles, sacker of cities.
Iliad Perseus (Homer. The Iliad of Homer, rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original. Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902, translator. London: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1898.) — 15.1 focus
1
But when their flight had taken them past the trench and the set stakes, and many had fallen by the hands of the Danaans, the Trojans made a halt on reaching their chariots, routed and pale with fear. Zeus now woke on the crests of Ida, where he was lying with golden-throned Hera by his side, and starting to his feet he saw the Trojans and Achaeans, the one thrown into confusion, and the others driving them pell-mell before them with King Poseidon in their midst. He saw Hektor lying on the ground with his comrades gathered round him, gasping for breath, wandering in mind and vomiting blood, for it was not the feeblest of the Achaeans who struck him.
12
The sire of gods and men had pity on him, and looked fiercely on Hera. "I see, Hera," said he, "you mischief-making trickster, that your cunning has stayed Hektor from fighting and has caused the rout of his host. I am in half a mind to thrash you, in which case you will be the first to reap the fruits of your scurvy knavery. Do you not remember how once upon a time I had you hanged? I fastened two anvils on to your feet, and bound your hands in a chain of gold which none might break, and you hung in mid-air among the clouds. All the gods in Olympus were in a fury, but they could not reach you to set you free; when I caught any one of them I gripped him and hurled him from the heavenly threshold till he came fainting down to earth; yet even this did not relieve my mind from the incessant anxiety
25
which I felt about noble Herakles whom you and Boreas had spitefully conveyed beyond the seas [
pontos] to Cos, after suborning the tempests; but I rescued him, and notwithstanding all his mighty labors I brought him back again to
Argos
. I would remind you of this that you may learn to leave off being so deceitful, and discover how much you are likely to gain by the embraces out of which you have come here to trick me."
34
Hera trembled as he spoke, and said, "May heaven above and earth below be my witnesses, with the waters of the river Styx - and this is the most solemn oath that a blessed god can take - nay, I swear also by your own almighty head and by our bridal bed - things over which I could never possibly perjure myself - that Poseidon is not punishing Hektor and the Trojans and helping the Achaeans through any doing of mine; it is all of his own mere motion because he was sorry to see the Achaeans hard pressed at their ships: if I were advising him, I should tell him to do as you bid him."
47
The sire of gods and men smiled and answered, "If you, Hera, were always to support me when we sit in council of the gods, Poseidon, like it or no, would soon come round to your and my way of thinking [noon]. If, then, you are speaking the truth and mean what you say, go among the rank and file of the gods, and tell Iris and Apollo lord of the bow, that I want them - Iris, that she may go to the Achaean host and tell Poseidon to leave off fighting and go home, and Apollo, that he may send Hektor again into battle and give him fresh strength; he will thus forget his present sufferings, and drive the Achaeans back in confusion till they fall among the ships of Achilles son of Peleus. Achilles will then send his comrade Patroklos into battle, and Hektor will kill him in front of
Ilion
after he has slain many warriors, and among them my own noble son Sarpedon. Achilles will kill Hektor to avenge Patroklos, and from that time I will bring it about that the Achaeans shall persistently drive the Trojans back till they fulfill the counsels of Athena and take
Ilion
. But I will not stay my anger, nor permit any god to help the Danaans till I have accomplished the desire of the son of Peleus, according to the promise I made by bowing my head on the day when Thetis touched my knees and besought me to give him honor."
78
Hera heeded his words and went from the heights of Ida to great
Olympus
. Swift as the thought [
noos] of one whose fancy carries him over vast continents, and he says to himself, "Now I will be here, or there," and he would have all manner of things - even so swiftly did Hera wing her way till she came to high
Olympus
and went in among the gods who were gathered in the house of Zeus. When they saw her they all of them came up to her, and held out their cups to her by way of greeting. She let the others be, but took the cup offered her by lovely Themis, who was first to come running up to her. "Hera," said she, "why are you here? And you seem troubled - has your husband the son of Kronos been frightening you?"
93
And Hera answered, "Themis, do not ask me about it. You know what a proud and cruel disposition my husband has. Lead the gods to table, where you and all the immortals can hear the wicked designs which he has avowed. Many a one, mortal and immortal, will be angered by them, however peaceably he may be feasting now."
100
On this Hera sat down, and the gods were troubled throughout the house of Zeus. Laughter sat on her lips but her brow was furrowed with care, and she spoke up in a rage. "Fools that we are," she cried, "to be thus madly angry with Zeus; we keep on wanting to go up to him and stay him by force or by persuasion, but he sits aloof and cares for nobody, for he knows that he is much stronger than any other of the immortals. Make the best, therefore, of whatever ills he may choose to send each one of you; Ares, I take it, has had a taste of them already, for his son Askalaphos has fallen in battle - the man whom of all others he loved most dearly and whose father he owns himself to be."
English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cullen Bryant, 1870)) — 15.34 focus
He spake, and Juno, large-eyed and august,
Shuddered, and answered Jove with winged words:-
"Be witness, Earth, and the great Heavens above,
And waters of the Styx that glide beneath, -
That dreadful oath which most the blessed gods
50
Revere, be witness, too, that sacred head
Of thine, and our own nuptial couch, by which
I would not rashly swear at any time,
That not by my persuasion Neptune went -
The shaker of the shores - to harass Troy
55
And Hector, and to aid the cause of Greece.
He went self-counselled; he had seen the Greeks
Pressed grievously beside their fleet, and took
Compassion on them. Yet would I advise
That he obey thy word, and take his place
60
Where thou, the Cloud-compeller, bid'st him go."
She ended, and the Father of the gods
And mortals smiled, and said, in winged words: —
"Large-eyed, imperial Juno, wouldst thou sit
In council with the immortals, and assist
65
My purposes, then Neptune, though at heart
He were averse, would yet conform his will
To mine and thine. If thou dost truly speak,
And from thy heart, go now to where the gods
Assemble, summon Iris, and with her
70
The archer-god Apollo. Give in charge
To Iris that she hasten to the host
Of the mailed Greeks, and bid king Neptune leave
The battle for his palace. Let the god
Phœbus, preparing Hector for the fight,
75
Breathe strength into his frame, that so he lose
The sense of pain which bows his spirit now,
And he shall force the Greeks again to flee
In craven fear. Then shall their flying host
Fall back upon the galleys of the son
80
Of Peleus, who shall send into the fight
His friend Patroclus. Him the mighty spear
Of Hector shall o'erthrow before the walls
Of Ilium, after many a Trojan youth
Shall by his hand have fallen, and with them
85
My noble son, Sarpedon. Roused to rage,
Then shall the great Achilles take the life
Of Hector. Be it from this time my care
That all the assaults of Trojans in the fleet
Be beaten back, till by Minerva's aid
90
The Greeks possess the lofty town of Troy.
Still am I angry, nor will I allow
One of the ever-living gods to aid
The Greeks, until the prayer of Peleus' son
Shall fully be accomplished, as my word
95
And nod were given, when Thetis clasped my knees,
Entreating me to honor, signally,
Her son, Achilles, spoiler of walled towns."
English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Alexander Pope, 1720, ed. Watson, 1857)) — 15.34 focus
The Thunderer spoke: imperial Juno mourn'd,
And, trembling, these submissive words return'd:
40
'By every oath that powers immortal ties,
'The foodful earth, and all-infolding skies,
'By thy black waves, tremendous Styx! that flow
'Through the drear realms of gliding ghosts below:
'By the dread honours of thy sacred head,
45
'And that unbroken vow, our virgin bed!
'Not by my arts the ruler of the main
'Steeps Troy in blood, and ranges round the plain:
'By his own ardour, his own pity, sway'd
'To help his Greeks; he fought, and disobey'd:
50
'Else had thy Juno better counsels given,
'And taught submission to the sire of heaven.'
'Think'st thou with me? fair empress of the skies!'
(Th' immortal father with a smile replies:)
'Then soon the haughty sea-god shall obey,
55
'Nor dare to act, but when we point the way.
'If truth inspires thy tongue, proclaim our will
'To yon bright synod on th' Olympian hill;
'Our high decree let various Iris know,
'And call the god that bears the silver bow.
60
'Let her descend, and from th' embattled plain
'Command the sea-god to his watery reign:
'While Phoebus hastes great Hector to prepare
'To rise afresh, and once more wake the war;
'His labouring bosom re-inspires with breath,
65
'And calls his senses from the verge of death.
'Greece, chas'd by Troy e'en to Achilles' fleet,
'Shall fall by thousands at the hero's feet.
'He, not untouch'd with pity, to the plain
'Shall send Patroclus, but shall send in vain.
70
'What youths he slaughters under Ilion's walls!
'E'en my lov'd son, divine Sarpedon, falls!
'Vanquish'd at last by Hector's lance he lies,
'Then, not till then, shall great Achilles rise:
'And lo! that instant, godlike Hector dies.
75
'From that great hour the war's whole fortune turns,
'Pallas assists, and lofty Ilion burns.
'Not till that day shall Jove relax his rage,
'Nor one of all the heavenly host engage
'In aid of Greece. The promise of a god
80
'I gave, and seal'd it with th' almighty nod,
'Achilles' glory to the stars to raise;
'Such was our word, and fate the word obeys.'
English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Hobbes, 1667, ed. Molesworth 1843)) — 15.34 focus
This said, the Goddess Juno, struck with fear,
By Earth, said she, and Heaven about it spread,
By Styx, which is our greatest oath, I swear,
35
And by your life, and by our nuptial bed,
I never did to Neptune speak a word,
To hurt the Trojans, or the Greeks to aid;
But all he did was of his own accord,
By pity only and compassion sway'd.
40
And from henceforward I will him advise,
Seeing what way you lead, the same to take.
Then Jupiter with favourable eyes
On Juno look'd, and thus unto her spake.
Juno, if we were both one way inclin'd,
45
Neptune would quickly with us both comply.
Now if your words dissent not from your mind,
Go ’mongst the other Gods, and presently
Bid Iris and Apollo to me come.
For Iris unto Neptune I will send,
50
To bid him leave the battle and go home.
To Hector and the Trojans I intend
To send Apollo, to give Hector might,
And cure him of his pain, that he may lead
The Trojans on, and put the Greeks to flight,
55
That Thetis' son may see them scattered;
And he shall send Patroclus to the field,
Who shall the Trojans rout and kill my son
Sarpedon, and himself shall then be kill'd
By Hector's spear. And after that is done,
60
Achilles in revenge again shall fight,
And by his hand stout Hector shall be kill'd
Under the walls of Troy, i' th' Trojans' sight,
And beaten be the Trojans from the field,
Till Troy by Pallas' counsel taken be.
65
Nor till I have performed all I said
To Thetis, supplicating at my knee,
Let any God presume the Greeks to aid.
English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (George Chapman, 1611, ed. Hooper 1857)) — 15.34 focus
This frighted the offending queen, who with this state excus'd
Her kind unkindness : "Witness Earth, and Heaven so far diffus'd,
Thou Flood whose silent-gliding waves the under ground doth bear,
35
(Which is the great'st and gravest oath that any God can swear)
Thy sacred head, those secret joys that our young bed gave forth,
By which I never rashly swore, that He who shakes the earth
Not by my counsel did this wrong to Hector and his host,
But, pitying th' oppressed Greeks, their fleet being nearly lost,
40
Reliev'd their hard condition, yet utterly impell'd
By his free mind. Which since I see is so offensive held
To thy high pleasure, I will now advise him not to tread
But where thy tempest-raising feet, O Jupiter, shall lead."
Jove laugh'd to hear her so submiss, and said: "My fair-ey'd love
45
If still thus thou and I were one, in counsels held above,
Neptune would still in word and fact be ours, if not in heart.
If then thy tongue and heart agree, from hence to heaven depart
To call the excellent-in-bows, the Rain-bow, and the Sun,
That both may visit both the hosts; the Grecian army one,
50
And that is Iris, let her haste, and make the Sea-god cease
T'assist the Greeks, and to his court retire from war in peace;
Let Phœbus, on the Trojan part, inspire with wonted pow'r
Great Hector's spirits, make his thoughts forget the late stern hour
And all his anguish, setting on his whole recover'd man
55
To make good his late grace in fight, and hold in constant wane
The Grecian glories, till they fall in flight before the fleet
Of vex'd Achilles. Which extreme will prove the mean to greet
Thee with thy wish, for then the eyes of great Aeacides
(Made witness of the general ill, that doth so near him prease)
60
Will make his own particular look out, and by degrees
Abate his wrath, that, though himself for no extremities
Will seem reflected, yet his friend may get of him the grace
To help his country in his arms; and he shall make fit place
For his full presence with his death, which shall be well fore-run ;
65
For I will first renown his life with slaughter of my son,
Divine Sarpedon, and his death great Hector's pow'r shall wreak,
Ending his ends. Then, at once, out shall the fury break
Of fierce Achilles, and with that the flight now felt shall turn,
And then last, till in wrathful flames the long-sieg'd Ilion burn.
70
Minerva's counsel shall become grave mean to this my will,
Which no God shall neglect before Achilles take his fill
Of slaughter for his slaughter'd friend; even Hector's slaughter thrown
Under his anger; that these facts may then make fully known
My vow's performance, made of late, and, with my bowed head,
75
Confirm'd to Thetis, when her arms embrac'd my knees, and pray'd
That to her city-razing son I would all honour show."
English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (William Cowper, 1791, ed. Southey)) — 15.34 focus
He ended, whom imperial Juno heard
Shuddering, and in wing'd accents thus replied.
45
Be witness Earth, the boundless Heaven above,
And Styx beneath, whose stream the blessed Gods
Even tremble to adjure; be witness too
Thy sacred life, and our connubial bed,
Which by a false oath I will never wrong,
50
That by no art induced or plot of mine
Neptune, the shaker of the shores, inflicts
These harms on Hector and the Trojan host
Aiding the Greecians, but impell'd alone
By his own heart with pity moved at sight
55
Of the Achaians at the ships subdued.
But even Him, oh sovereign of the storms!
I am prepared to admonish that he quit
The battle, and retire where thou command'st.
So she; then smiled the Sire of Gods and men,
60
And in wing'd accents answer thus return'd.
Juno! wouldst thou on thy celestial throne
Assist my counsels, howsoe'er in heart
He differ now, Neptune should soon his will
Submissive bend to thy desires and mine.
65
But if sincerity be in thy words
And truth, repairing to the blest abodes
Send Iris hither, with the archer God
Apollo; that she, visiting the host
Of Greece, may bid the Sovereign of the Deep
70
Renounce the fight, and seek his proper home.
Apollo's part shall be to rouse again
Hector to battle, to inspire his soul
Afresh with courage, and all memory thence
To banish of the pangs which now he feels.
75
Apollo also shall again repulse
Achaia's host, which with base panic fill'd,
Shall even to Achilles' ships be driven.
Achilles shall his valiant friend exhort
Patroclus forth; him under Ilium's walls
80
Shall glorious Hector slay; but many a youth
Shall perish by Patroclus first, with whom,
My noble son Sarpedon. Peleus' son,
Resentful of Patroclus' death, shall slay
Hector, and I will urge ceaseless, myself,
85
Thenceforth the routed Trojans back again,
Till by Minerva's aid the Greeks shall take
Ilium's proud city; till that day arrive
My wrath shall burn, nor will I one permit
Of all the Immortals to assist the Greeks,
90
But will perform Achilles' whole desire.
Such was my promise to him at the first,
Ratified by a nod that self-same day
When Thetis clasp'd my knees, begging revenge
And glory for her city-spoiler son.
95
English (F. W. Newman, 1856) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (F. W. Newman, 1856)) — 15 focus
BOOK XV
But when across the palisade
fleeing, and up the moat they clamber'd
1
In panic, and full many fell
beneath the hands of Argives,
Then checking at the chariots
their wild career, they halted,
With terror pale and all-amaze.
But on the tops of Ida
Jove woke from slumber, at the side
of golden-throned Juno.
5
So stood he, starting up, and view'd
Achaiaïans and Troians,
The latter routed in the fray;
the Argives, close behind them,
Hotly pursuing, and their ranks
by princely Neptune headed:
But Hector lying on the plain
he saw, and, round him sitting,
His comrades: fainting he at heart,
dropt blood from mouth and nostrils,
10
And painfully did gasp; sith not
the puniest of Argos
Had smote him. Him with pity view'd
the sire of gods and mortals,
And with a direful scowling glance
address'd a word to Juno:
"Thy mischief-plotting artifice,
unmanageable Juno!
Hath godlike Hector stopt from war,
and terrified his people.
15
Nor know I, whether haply now
of this illwoven noyance
Thypelf shalt first the folly taste,
beneath my grievous scourging.
Or dost forget, how once aloft
thou hungest, when I fasten'd
A pair of anvils from thy feet,
and round thy hands a fetter,
Golden, which nought might break;
so thou in clouds and æther hungest.
20
Then indignation seiz'd the gods
who dwell on long Olympus;
Yet of their concourse was there none
to loose thee; but whomever
I caught, them clutching one by one
I toss'd from off the threshold,
Till swooning he the earth might reach.
Nor yet did this appease me,
Smarting with anguish for the fate
of Héracles the godlike,
25
Whom, with the wind of Boreas,
didst thou, the Squalls persuading,
Over the Ocean's cropless plain
escort by ill devices.
So thou to thickly peopled Cos
diddest the hero carry;
But thence my power rescued him,
and after many a labour
Restor'd him to his proper home
in courser-feeding Argos.
30
Now, that from trickeries thou cease,
-of this will I remind thee.
Hereby thou mayest trial make,
whether the bed of fondness,
For which thou camest from the gods
deceitfully, shall aid thee."
Thus when he spake, with terror quail'd
the large-ey'd queenly Juno ;
So meekly she accosting him
did winged accents utter:
35
"I call to witness now this earth
and highth of vasty Heaven
And dripping water of the Styx,
which to the heav'nly blessed
Greatest and direst is of oaths:
yea, by thy head so sacred,
And our own early bed, -by which
swear vainly would I never:
40
Not surely for the sake of me
doth the landshaker Neptune
Plague Hector and the Troïans,
or aid to Argos giveth.
I ween, his proper notion doth
imagine and enjoin it;
Sith at the galleys he beheld
and pitied their disasters.
But (let me say it) eke to him
would I my counsel tender,
45
Into that path to go, wherein,
Dark-clouded One! thou guidest."
The sire of mortals and of gods
with smiles her terror greeted,
And in responsive argument
did winged accents utter.
"If thou then verily henceforth,
O large-ey'd queenly Juno,
Sittest likeminded unto me
among the gods immortal,
50
Then shall prince Neptune (tho' perchance
full other be his purpose)
Sudden reverse his bent of soul,
thy heart and mine to follow.
But if sincerely from thy breast
in very truth thou speakest,
Hie thee among the tribes of gods
forthwith, and hither summon
Iris, my errand to perform,
and famous-bow'd Apollo;
55
That she amid the wide array
of brazen-clad Achaians
May speed her, and the earnest word
to princely Neptune carry, -
From battle to withdraw him straight
and seek his proper dwellings:
But bright Apollo, he meanwhile
shall Hector urge to battle,
And breathe in him new might, and give
forgetfulness of anguish,
60
Which now, deepseated, galleth sore
his vitals;-but the Achaians
Back from the battle shall he turn,
unmanly flight inspiring,
Till to the many-benched ships
of Peleus' son Achilles
In flight they hurry. He in turn
shall rouse his own companion
Patroclus, soon to fall in death
by spear of gallant Hector
65
Before the walls of Ilium,
when many a youth in Orcus
Calls him to vengeance; with the rest,
my godlike son Sarpedon.
But great Achilles, for his friend
enrag'd, shall Hector slaughter.
Thenceforward from the galleys I
continuous will give thee
A never-ceasing back-pursuit
of war, until the Achaians
70
Shall capture lofty Ilium
by counsels of Athene.
But earlier withdraw I not
my anger, nor permit I
Other immortals on the field
the Danaï to succour;
Ere-that I fully complish'd have
the longings of Pelides,
As first I undertook for him
and with my nod assented,
75
Upon the day, when by my knees
the goddess Thetis clasp'd me,
Imploring honour for her son
Achilles city-rieving."
He spake, nor uncompliant found
the white-arm'd goddess Juno,
But, from the mounts of Ida, up
went she to long Olympus.
As darteth forth the mind of man,
who over ample country
80
Distant hath journey'd; haply he
in sage remembrance thinketh,
"In such a place was I, and such,"-
and roveth wide at random;
So then, in eagerness, across
flew venerable Juno.
At steep Olympus she arriv'd,
and found the gods immortal
All gather'd in the hall of Jove.
They, seeing her arrival,
85
Upstarted from their seats at once,
and welcom'd her with goblets.
She of the rest took no account,
yet did accept the goblet
From Themis dainty-cheek'd; who first
come hurrying to meet her,
And with address of courtesy
such winged accents utter'd:
"Juno, why hither wendest thou,
and, like to frighten'd, seemest?
90
Troth! Saturn's son hath scared thee,
who is thy proper consort."
To her then spake reciprocal
the white-arm'd goddess Juno:
"Themis! dear goddess! ask not me
too much: thyself well knowest
His heart of royal haughtiness,
how stern and overfoaming.
Do thou, in chambers of the gods,
preside at rightful banquet,
95
But of these doings afterward
wilt hear, with all the immortals,
What ill achievements Jupiter
doth show us; nor, I reckon,
Will he to all alike give joy,
-on earth, nor yet in heaven,
Albeit at the heavenly board
each one now cheery feasteth."
Such words did queenly Juno speak,
and took her seat among them.
100
Then in the hall of Jove the gods
indignant were: but Juno
Forcing upon her lips a smile,
no gladness on her forehead
Display'd along her raven brow;
but angrily address'd them:
"Simple are we, infatuate,
who with intentness ponder
Whether we will some limit set
on Jove, by close encounter
105
Of word, or haply of constraint:
but he, apart abiding,
At our misliking fretteth not
nor heedeth; for he vaunteth,
That he, egregious of gods,
in strength and might is foremost.
Wherefore, whatever ill to each
he list to offer, take ye.
And now already, I opine,
for Ares woe is complish'd;
110
For in the battle fallen is
his son, of heroes dearest,
Ascalaphus, whom to himself
Ares as offspring claimeth."
She spake; but Ares instantly
with double palm descending
Smote on his lusty thighs,
and pour'd an utterance of wailing.
"Blame not my purpose, O ye gods,
who hold Olympian dwellings,
115
My slaughter'd offspring to avenge
beside the Achaian galleys;
Albeit eke for me be doom
to lie among the corpses
Struck by the thunderbolt of Jove,
in blood and dust confounded."
So spake he, and accordant bade
Terror and Flight to harness
His coursers, and himself would don
his allresplendent armour.
120
Then other turmoil had been wrought
more mighty and more noisome
By the fierce wrath of Jupiter
against the gods immortal;
But that Athene, smit with fear
for all the heav'nly dwellers,
Out o'er the threshold rush'd, and left
the throne whereon she rested,
And off his head the helmet drew
and buckler from his shoulders;
125
Then taking from his sturdy hand
the brazen spear, she fix'd it
Upright, and with reproachful words
did lash impetuous Ares:
"O doltish and bewilder'd soul,
besotted are thy senses:
Troth! vainly hast thou ears to hear;
thy shame and wits are perish'd
Or heardest not, what argument
spake white-arm'd goddess Juno,
130
Who now afresh, from Jupiter
the Olympian, arriveth?
Dost wish, thyself with many a woe
bestraught, by stern compulsion,
Despite thy anger, back to haste
retiring to Olympus,
And to the other blessed ones
great mischief to engender?
For shortly Jupiter will leave
the haughty-hearted Troians
135
And Argives; but on us will come
with riot to Olympus,
And indiscriminate will catch
the guilty and the harmless.
Thou therefore for thy bonny son
remit, I say, thy anger.
For one than him far mightier
in force and skill already
Slain either is, or shall be soon :
and troth, the task were toilsome
140
Of all the world the kith and kin
to rescue from disaster."
Thus speaking, she upon his throne
impetuous Ares seated:
Out of the chambers thereupon
did Juno call Apollo
And Iris, who is messenger
unto the gods immortal;
Then straitly she exporting them
harangu'd in winged accents:
145
"Jove biddeth both of you to come
with utmost speed to Ida;
But when arriv'd ye be, and raise
on Jupiter your eyen,
Then complish, whatsoe'er of tasks
his pleasure may enjoin you."
Such errand spoken, back again
hied venerable Juno
And sat upon her throne; but they,
the twain, flew darting forward.
150
Soon unto Ida rill-bestream'd,
parent of game, arriv'd they,
And found widesighted Saturn's child
upon the summit resting
At Gargarus, and round his form
was wreath'd a cloud of incense:
So entering, before the face
of Jove the cloud-collector
Stood they; nor when the twain he saw,
was he in heart displeased,
155
That to the bidding of his spouse
they quickly gave obeisance.
Then he to Iris earlier
his winged accents utter'd:
"Hie, hurry, speedy Iris! hence;
bear thou to princely Neptune
The rightful errand of my words,
nor be a false reporter.
Command him to withdraw himself
from contest and from battle,
160
Returning mid the tribes of gods
or the salt flood eternal.
But if he choose not to obey
my word, but disregardeth,
Let him thereafter_ponder well
within his heart and bosom,
Lest, stalwart tho' his hardiment,
in onset he be feeble
Me to withstand: for I than him
in force am greatly stronger,
165
And earlier of birth; and yet
his fancy fondly slighteth
To hold pretension as my peer,
at whom all others shudder."
He spake, nor uncompliant found
fleet stormy-footed Iris,
And as when hailstorm from the clouds
may fly, or sleety shower,
Chill'd by the gust of Boreas,
whom sky serene doth gender;
170
So swiftly in her eagerness
across flew speedy Iris,
But down to sacred Ilium
from Ida's mountains hied she.
And standing close in front, address'd
the glorious Landshaker:
"O Earth-encircler purple-hair'd!
to thee I hither hurry
From ægis-holding Jupiter
a canny errand bearing.
175
He biddeth to withdraw thyself
from contest and from battle,
Returning mid the tribes of gods
or the salt flood eternal.
But if thou choose not to obey
his word, but disregardeth,
Then doth he threaten thee in turn,
with adverse force to hie him
For battle hitherward: but thee
he urgeth, from encounter
180
With him to shrink; sith he than
thee in force is greatly stronger,
And earlier in birth; and yet
thy fancy fondly slighteth
To hold pretension as his peer,
at whom all others shudder."
To her indignantly replied
the glorious Landshaker:
"Ye Spirits! troth, tho' grand he be,
haughty the word he speaketh,
185
If me, who am in rank his peer,
he will constrain unwilling.
For we, three equal brethren are,
whom Rhea bare to Saturn,
First Jove, next me, then Aïdes,
who nether regions swayeth.
All things in threefold lot are cast:
each hath his share of honour.
To me the hoary brine for aye
as dwelling was apportion'd,
190
When lots we shook; to Aïdes
the sunless dusk was granted;
Jove had as his the ample sky
of clouds and empty æther:
But Earth to all is common yet,
as eke is long Olympus,
So will not I by Jove's decree
demean me: let him tranquil
Abide within his own third share,
albeit stalwart is he.
195
But truly let him not by force
alarm me, as a coward.
More seemly were it and more right
against his sons and daughters,
Whom he himself begat, to scold
with keen and lordly errand.
These, when he sendeth urgent word,
must e'en perforce obey him."
To him responded thereupon
fleet stormy-footed Iris :
200
"O Earth-encircler purple-hair'd!
alas! is this my errand?
This must I bear to Jupiter
from thee, so stern and hardy?
Or wilt thou somewhat bend and yield?
and noble hearts are yielding.
Thou knowest, how on elders-born
for ever wait the Furies."
Then Neptune, shaker of the earth,
accosted her responsive:
205
"Iris, dear goddess! troth! this word
discreetly hast thou spoken.
Good followeth the messenger,
who canny counsel knoweth.
Only my heart and soul are here
by anguish grimly wounded,
When Jupiter usurpeth right
with words of gall to wrangle
Against his peer in destiny,
to equal lot appointed.
210
But now, indignant though I am,
to this will I submit me.
Yet one thing will I farther say
and from my heart will threaten.
If he, against my will, -against
Athene booty-driving, -
Despite of princely Vulcan, -ay!
of Hermeas, and Juno,-
Shall rescue lofty Ilium,
nor suffer us to storm it
215
And to the Argive arms to give
the mastery of glory;
Know he: a feud betwixt us twain
unheal'd abideth ever.".
So speaking, the Landshaker left
the army of Achaia,
And plung'd beneath the deep:
and soon the Achaian heroes miss'd him.
But cloud-collecting Jupiter
thereat address'd Apollo:
220
"Go now, dear shining one! and seek
the brazen-helmed Hector.
The god who circleth quaking Earth
already is departed
Into his salt eternal flood,
eschewing our displeasure
Gramsome; for other gods also
did hear of yore our battle,
Who, nethermost of nature, dwell
around the home of Saturn.
225
But verily, alike to me
and to himself, more gainful
Was it, that he did earlier
indignantly submit him
Beneath my puissance: else, the toil
no common struggle boded.
But now within thy hands assume
my many-fringed ægis,
And in their faces flaunting it,
dismay the Achaian heroes.
230
But thou, Fardarter! must thyself
have care of gallant Hector,
And in him waken mighty force
so long, until the Achaians
Unto their galleys reach in flight
and to the flood of Helle.
But I thenceforward will myself
of word and work bethink me,
How-that the Achaians may again
find respite from disaster."
235
So spake he; nor Apollo then
did disobey his father,
And down from Ida's tops he went,
in semblance of a falcon
Fleet-winged, pigeon-murdering,
of feather'd wights the swiftest.
So found he godlike Hector, son
of skilful-hearted Priam,
Sitting, nor prostrate still; for he
anew had sense recover'd,
240
Knowing his comrades round about.
Gasping and sweat had ceased,
Sithence the mind of Jupiter,
the ægis-holder, rais'd him.
Then, near beside him standing, spake
Apollo Far-averter :
"O Hector, son of Priamus !
why thus apart from others
Sittest thou faint at heart? perchance
doth some disaster plague thee?"
245
To him, with puny vigour left
spake motley-helmed Hector:
"Who art thou, noblest of the gods!
that face to face dost ask me?
Hearest thou not, -in outmost fight
against the Achaian galleys,
How Ajax, good at need, did smite
with huge stone on my bosom,
While I his comrades slew; and quell'd
my furious encounter.
250
And verily I thought to see
the dead, and house of Pluto,
Upon this day: so near did I
gasp forth my tender spirit."
To him the Far-averting prince
Apollo spake responsive :
"Now cheer thee! such reserve of war
Saturnius from Ida
Hath forward to befriend thee sent
and rescue thee from danger,-
255
Me, golden-belted shining prince
Apollo, who do ever
Of yore deliver both thyself
and eke thy lofty fortress.
But to thy many charioteers,
come now, give earnest bidding
Unto the smoothly hollow ships
to drive the nimble horses :
And I myself, in front of them
advancing, for the horses
260
Will level all the chariot-roads
and scare the Achaian heroes."
So saying, mighty strength he
breath'd into the people's shepherd.
As when a charger, closely kept,
high-pamper'd at the manger,
Bursting his halter, o'er the plain
with prance and gambol trampleth,
Accustom'd in the flood to bathe
of some fair-streaming river,
265
Wild glorying; and holdeth high
his head, and off his shoulders
Rusheth the mane abroad; and he
in his brave beauty trusteth;
Lightly his knees then carry him
to horses' haunts and pastures :
So too with supple foot and knee
did Hector hurry onward,
Soon as he heard the voice divine,
his charioteers to order.
270
And as when dogs or rustic men
have chas'd upon the mountains
Whether an antler-bearing stag
or roebuck; -it, defended
By forest-boughs o'ershadowing
and rocks that cheat the footstep,
Escapeth them, nor is success
to all their efforts destin'd;
At length, beneath their shouting rous'd,
upon the path appeareth
275
A noble-bearded lion, who
doth sudden scare their courage:
So for awhile the Danaï
in troops did keenly follow,
With swords and with twohanded pikes
against the foeman stabbing;
But when they Hector saw amid
the ranks of heroes moving,
They trembled, and the soul of all
beside their feet lay prostrate.
280
Thoas hereat, Andræmon's son,
did with harangue accost them :
Of all Ætolia bravest he,
to dert the jav'lin skilful,
And good in standing fight: but few
might in debate surpass him,
When in full mote Achaian youths *
held rivalry of prudence;
Who then with kindly soul harangu'd
and spake his word among them:
285
"Ye spirits! now these eyen see
in truth a mighty marvel,
If Hector they behold again
arisen, Fate escaping.
Yet verily each heart of us
was trusting that this hero
Lately had perish'd by the hands
of Telamonian Ajax.
But now some heav'nly god anew
hath sav'd and rescued Hector,
290
Who had of many Danaï
unstrung the knees and sinews.
So now, as I forebode, again
will be for here he standeth
An ardent leader, not without
the will of Jove high-rumbling.
But come, as I the word shall speak,
let all compliant follow :
Back to the galleys bid we all
the multitude to hie them;
295
But for ourselves, who boast to be
amid the army bravest,
Confronting him with spears outstretch'd,
let us withstand his onset,
If we may haply stagger him:
and he, I ween, tho' eager,
Will shrink to meet the Danaï
and in their troop to mingle."
He spake; and they all willingly
did listen and obey him.
300
Crowding around the Ajaces twain
and Merion and Teucer,
Around the prince Idomeneus
and Meges peer to Ares,
The stubborn struggle marshall'd they,
their champions collecting
Fierce to withstand the Troïans
and Hector; but behind them
Back to the Achaian galleys hied
the multitude returning.
305
Forward in plump the Troians rush'd,
and at their head was Hector,
With lengthy strides; and in his front
hied bright Apollo onward,
Clad round his shoulders with a cloud;
the furious ægis bearing,
Dreadful, with shag of fringes rough,
preeminent; which Vulcan,
Worker of copper, gave to Jove
for men's dismay to carry:
310
This ægis holding in his hands,
Apollo led the peoples;
But eke the Argives clos'd their ranks
unmov'd; and deadly clamour
From either side arose: then leapt
the arrows from the bowstring,
And many a brazen javelin,
by sturdy sinews derted,
Partly were fix'd within the limbs
of callants keen in battle,
315
And others midway numerous,
for glut of carnage greedy,
Ere the fair skin they might attain,
harmless in earth were planted.
While bright Apollo held unmov'd
the manyfringed ægis,
So long from either side the darts
did fly, and people perish;
But when he flouted full in face
the charioteering Argives,
320
Shaking his arm, and eke himself
yell'd loudly; then their bosom
Was all bewitch'd with fear, and straight
forgat impetuous ardour.
And as, amid a herd of kine
or mighty flock of bleaters,
In gloominess of dusky night
do two wild beasts make havoc,
Which suddenly arrive, nor find
the keeper at his station :
325
So were the Achaians terrified,
unwarlike; for Apollo
Fill'd them with fear, and glory gave
to Hector and the Troians.
Thereon each hero slew his man,
when scatter'd was the struggle.
By Hector, slain was Stichius
first, and Arkesilaüs :
The latter to the brazen-clad
Boeotians was leader,
330
The former, trusty comrade was
to Mnestheus mighty-hearted.
Æneias next for death and spoil
hent Iasus and Medon.
Medon to Ajax brother was;
-their sire, divine Oïleus ;-
But Medon was of meaner birth,
and dwelt afar, as exile,
Long time in Phylake; for he
whilom had slain a hero,
335
A kinsman of his father's bride
his stepdame Eriopis.
But to Athene's skilful folk
was Iasus a leader,
And Sphelus was his father call'd,
but Bucolus his grandsire.
Mekisteus by Polydamas,
• Echius by Polites,
Clonius by divine Agenor,
fell in foremost struggle,
340
Paris hit Deiochus behind
at bottom of the shoulder,
As in the foremost ranks he fled;
and thrust the weapon thro' him.
While from the slain the victors stript
their arms, meanwhile the Achaians,
Within the deep-entrenched moat
and palisades entangled,
Rov'd hither, thither; and anew
perforce the rampart enter'd.
345
Then Hector rais'd his voice aloft
and charg'd the Troian army
To leave the gory panoplies
and rush upon the galleys:
"But whomsoever I descry
far from the galleys slinking,
There, on the spot, for him will I
plot ruin; nor shall ever
His kinsmen and kinswomen dear
in rightful flames enwrap him :
350
But him before our city's wall
the hungry dogs shall mangle."
Thus speaking, with the scourge
he lash'd his horses on the shoulder,
Cheering across the Troian ranks
aloud: and they, beside him,
With general alarum, held
the chariot-trailing horses.
Unearthly was their battle-din.
Before them bright Apollo
355
With his broad foot did easily
cast down into the middle
The scarp'd embankments of the trench,
and bridg'd an ample causey
Solid and broad; so far, as when
a man, to outmost distance,
Flingeth in air his javelin,
his martial vigour trying.
Over this road in ample squares
they pour'd; in front, Apollo
360
With costly ægis on his arm.
Right easily o'erthrew he
The Achaian rampart, e'en as when
a child lays low his sandheap;
Who, where the billow lately dash'd,
a playful wall hath built him
Of sand, and when his sport is done,
with foot or hand o'throws it :
So then by thee, bright Eïus,*
the plenteous toil and trouble
365
Of Argives vain was made, and eke
themselves with terror filled.
But, checking by the galleys' side
their wild career, they halted,
And each to other made appeal,
and to all gods in heaven
Did every one with lifted hands
loud supplication offer.
But chiefly there Gerenian Nestor,
watcher of the Achaians,
370
Made prayer to the gods, his hand
to starry heaven lifting:
"O father Jove, if ever yet
a man in wheatful Argos,
Burning to thee the costly limbs
of sheep or eke of bullock,
Besought thee for a safe return,
and thou didst nod approval;
Think of all this, Olympian !
and ward the ruthless moment,
375
Nor wholly by the Troïans
destroy the Achaian army."
So prayed Neleus' aged son;
thereat with mighty thunder
Did Jove the Counsellor reply,
his supplication hearing.
The Troians also, at the voice
of Jove the ægisholder,
Leapt braver on the Achaïans
and hero-glee remember'd.
380
As on the ample-breasted sea
when a huge billow plungeth,
Over the galley's wooden ribs
descending, if the hurtle
Of wind impress it; for 'tis this,
that chief the waves engrosseth :
So then with terrible upróar
the Troians scal'd the rampart.
And now, their coursers driving in,
at poop of galley fought they,
385
Mingled in battle, foe to foe,
with doublehanded weapons,
These mounted on the chariots;
but those from dusky galleys
With lengthy shipspears warded them,
which on the decks were stored,
Fasten'd with clamps for naval fight,
and tipt at end with copper.
But, for Patroclus, he meantime,
while Troians and Achaians
390
Outside, beyond the Argive fleet,
around the wall were fighting;
He in the tent was seated
with friendly-soul'd Eurypylus
So long, and sooth'd his heart with talk;
and as a balm of anguish,
Drugs o'er the painful wound he spread,
of medicinal virtue.
But, when he after was aware,
the Troians o'er the rampart
395
Had enter'd, while the Danaï
were fill'd with scream and tumult;
Then loudly groan'd he, and straightway
with double palm descending
Smote on his thighs, and pour'd
abroad an utterance of wailing:
"Eurypylus! albeit much
thou needest me, no longer
May I beside thee stay; for lo!
a mighty strife is risen.
400
But thee, let now thy squire amuse;
and I unto Achilles
Must quickly hie me, if perchance
I win him to the combat.
Who knoweth, if, with heaven's aid,
I haply by persuasion
May stir his spirit? useful is
a comrade's exhortation."
He, with such words, on speedy feet departed;
but the Achaians
405
Firmly the Troïan advance
awaited, nor were able,
Albeit fewer were the foes,
to ward them from the galleys.
Nor might the Troians yet break
thro' the Danaän battalions
And force a passage to the tents
and mingle with the galleys.
As by a cunning workman's hands,
in wisdom of Athene
410
Taught perfectly, the rule doth draw
a galley's timber even;
So even, of those combatants
was drawn the fight and combat.
And battle, diverse ships around,
by diverse men was waged,
But Hector made his chief attack
against illustrious Ajax.
415
Around one galley had the twain
fierce trouble, nor were able,
The Troian, out to drive his foe
and wrap in flames the galley,
Nor he, the assailant to repel,
sith heav'nly power brought him.
Then gallant Ajax with his spear
struck on the breast Caletor,
The active son of Clytius,
fire to the galley bearing;
420
So with a loud crash down he fell,
and dropt the brand beside him.
But Hector, when before his eyes
his cousin he discerned
Laid prostrate in the dust, in front,
beneath the dusky galley,
He shouted to the Troïans
and Lycians and Dardans :
"Dardans, who hand to hand contend,
and Lycians and Troians!
425
Not yet, in such a strait, my friends!
retire ye from the battle;
But save the son of Clytius,
nor let the Achaians strip him,
Fallen before the galley-poop,
in theatre of battle."
So spake he, and with shining spear
straightway at Ajax derted,
And miss'd him: but the weapon hit
Lycophron, son of Mastor,
430
Who, at divine Kythera born,
of yore had slain a hero :
Then quitted he his early home,
and dwelt, as squire, with Ajax.
To this man, as by Ajax's side
he stood, the spear of Hector
Enter'd his head above the ear;
so backward from the galley
Into the dust from off the poop
he fell, unstrung and helpless.
435
But Ajax shudder'd at the sight,
and straight address'd his brother :
"Dear Teucer! lo! before our eyes
is slain our trusty comrade,
The son of Mastor, whom we both
did in our chambers welcome
With honour like to parents dear,
arriving from Kythera.
But mighty-hearted Hector him
hath slain. Where now thy arrows
440
Death swiftly dealing, and the bow
which bright Apollo gave thee?"
He spake, and Teucer caught the word,
and ran, and stood beside him,
Holding within his hand the bow
back-bending, and the quiver
Fraught full with arrows: quick he shot
his bolts against the Troians.
By the first arrow Cleitus fell,
Peisenor's brilliant offspring,
445
The comrade of Polydamas
the lordly son of Panthûs,
Holding within his hands the reins.
He with the steeds was busied :
For there kept hé; -for kindly aid
to Hector and the Troians,-
Where thickest justled were the ranks:
but quickly came the mischief
On to himself; which none of all,
tho' eager, then averted.
450
For deep within his neck, behind,
the grievous arrow pierced :
So from the chariot he dropt;
and sudden swerv'd the horses,
Rattling the empty chariot.
But quickly did its master
Polydamas perceive, who first
in front the steeds arrested.
Them gave he to Astynoüs,
the son of Protiaon,
455
And on him many a charge he laid,
at hand to keep the horses,
Eying his master;-straight, himself
regain'd the foremost battle.
Then Teucer took a second shaft
for brazen-helmed Hector;
And would an end of war have made
against the Achaian galleys,
Had he the chieftain slain, in whom
was primacy of valour.
460
Nor this the canny mind escap'd
of Jupiter, who guarded
Hector, and glory's vaunt denied
to Telamonian Teucer.
For while as in the blameless bow
he drew the string well-twisted,
Jove sudden snapt it: thereupon
the brazen-weighted arrow
Stray'd other way, and from his hand
down fell his vain equipment.
465
Then Teucer shudder'd at the sight
and straight address'd his brother:
"Ye Spirits! troth! some power high
our plans of battle snappeth
All rudely, who from out my hands
hath cast the bow and arrow,
And burst the newly-twisted string,
which I this morning fasten'd,
That stoutly it might carry home
the thickly-springing arrows."
470
Then spake to him reciprocal
great Telamonian Ajax:
"Dear fellow, leave thy bow in peace
and all thy sheaves of arrows;
Sith, envying the Danaï,
some god hath these confounded.
But in thy hands take lengthy spear
and buckler on thy shoulder,
And fight against the Troïans
and rouse the other peoples.
475
Then, tho' the mastery they win,
not without effort shall they
The well-deck'd galleys take,
if we do battle-glee remember."
So spake he: Teucer then replac'd
within his tent the arrows,
But round his shoulders quickly slung
his shield with plates quadruple,
And on his gallant head he put
a well-wrought leathern helmet,
480
Bushy with horsetail: dreadfully
the crest above it nodded.
Lastly, he grasp'd a valiant spear,
pointed with brass well temper'd,
Hied on his path, and speedily
ran up, and stood by Ajax.
But Hector, when his eye descried
the bolts of Teucer crippled,
Loud shouted to the Troïans
and Lycians and Dardans :
485
"Dardans, who hand to hand contend,
and Lycians and Troians !
Be men, my friends! nor negligent
of furious encounter
Beside the smoothly hollow ships.
For lo! these eyes are witness,
How of a leading warriour
the bolts by Jove are crippled.
Right easily may man discern
the purposes of heaven,
490
Alike, to whomso Jupiter
high mastery vouchsafeth,
And eke whomso he lessen will,
nor chooseth to avenge them;
As now the Argives willeth he
to crush, but us to succour.
But fight ye at the galleys, all
in plump: and if for any
The doom of death allotted be,
by thrust or flying arrow,
495
Let death be welcome: seemly 'tis
in combat for one's country
To die, if need be; but his wife
and children safe behind him
And house and lot inviolate
abide, whene'er the Achaians
Back to their native land belov'd
depart upon their galleys."
He, by such words, in every breast
spirit and strength excited.
500
But Ajax, he on other side
did charge his own companions:
"O shame, ye Argives! now behold
your guarantee, -to perish
Or save our fortunes, beating back
this noyance from the galleys.
If motley-helmed Hector burn
the Achaian ships, then hope ye
Each man his native land to reach
on his own feet returning?
505
Hear ye not Hector eagerly
urge them, our fleet to kindle?
Not to a dance he summoneth,
I reckon, but to combat.
For us no counsel and intent,
better than this, abideth,
Foot against foot and hand to hand
to grapple, soul and body.
510
Better it is, now once for all
to live or else to perish,
Than pine in combat lingering
by grim embrace of foemen, -
Men who are noway peers to us, -
on the shore's edge, thus vainly."
He, by such words, in every breast
spirit and strength excited.
Then Hector, he slew Schedius,
a son of Perimedes,
515
And prince of Phocis: Ajax hent
Laodamas in slaughter,
A leader of the infantry,
Antenor's brilliant offspring.
Polydamas for death and spoil
took Otus of Kyllene,
Comrade of Phyleus' son, and prince
to the high-soul'd Epeians.
But Meges saw, and rush'd on him:
Polydamas evaded,
520
Flinching aside; so him the thrust
struck not: nor did Apollo
Allow the son of Panthoüs
to fall in front encounter.
But Croismus' bosom, in his stead,
to meet the spear was destin'd:
Crashing he fell, and Meges stript
the armour from his shoulders.
Meanwhile upon him Dolops rush'd,
to wield the spear right skilful,
525
(Dolops, the son of Lampus, or
Lampus, was chief of heroes :)
And to impetuous valour train'd;
son of Laomedon: his sire,
This man, approaching, with the spear
assail'd the son of Phyleus,
And pierc'd his midmost buckler thro';
but the close corslet sav'd him,
Which, at the hollows jointed well,
he wore: (his father Phyleus
530
Brought it of yore from Ephyra,
from the Selleïs river.
His host Euphetes, prince of men,
on him as gift bestow'd it,
To wear for battle's garniture,
a shelter from the foeman;
Which from the body of his son
did then avert destruction.)
But Meges on his helmet's top,
brazen, with horsetail shaggy,
535
Thrust heavy with his spear, and broke
the plumed crest, which sudden
Fell all dishonour'd in the dust,
of late with crimson shining.
While Dolops yet the fight maintain'd,
and still for conquest hoped,
Meanwhile as succour to the foe
came martial Menelaüs.
540
He on the flank approach'd unseen,
and flung behind the shoulder
His spear: its onward-hasting point,
possest by fury, issued
Right thro' the hapless Troian's breast,
who sideways there fell headlong.
Then rush'd the heroes twain to strip
the armour from his shoulders.
But to the kinsmen of the slain
Hector address'd him sternly,
545
And chief to Melanippus brave,
the son of Hiketaon :
Who, while the foemen were afar,
did pasture in Percotas
His crumple-horned kine; but when
their easy-steering galleys
Arriv'd, came back to Ilium,
and was among the Troians
550
Signal, and dwelt in Priam's court,
honour'd as Priam's children.
On him did Hector cast reproach,
and spake, his name pronouncing:
"O Melanippus, shall we thus
neglect? and is thy bosom
Not fill'd with self-reproaching shame,
to see thy kinsman fallen ?
Or doth it scape thee, how the foe
round Dolops' arms is busied?
555
But follow! for no longer choice
have we, aloof to combat
Against the Argives: choice is none,
but them to slay, or suffer
The fall of lofty Ilium
and bondage of her people."
He spake, and led the way: behind,
the godlike hero follow'd.
But Ajax, son of Telamon,
meanwhile bestirr'd the Argives:
560
"Oh friends, be men, and in your souls
a bashful honour cherish,
And each to other bashful be
amid your hardy struggles.
Of bashful-hearted men, the most
are safe, and few are slaughter'd :
But runaways no glory win,
nor runneth safety with them."
So spake he; and his comrades
eke themselves for fight were earnest.
565
They in their inmost bosom cast
his word, and fenc'd the galleys
With barrier of brass; but still
did Jove arouse the Troians.
Then Menelaüs, good at need,
Antilochus would challenge :
"Of Argive chieftains none than thee,
Antilochus, is younger,
Nor swifter is of foot; nor e'en,
as thou, is bold in battle,
570
If from the ranks thou wouldest leap,
and hit some foremost Troian."
He with such words departed,
sith he had the youth excited;
Who, leaping from the foremost ranks,
with shining weapon derted,
Turning on every side his gaze :
the Troians shrunk before him,
As from him flew the javelin :
nor did he aim it vainly,
575
But struck in middle of the breast
the son of Hiketaon,
Seeking for danger's foremost post,
high-hearted Melanippus :
So with a loud crash down he dropt,
and o'er him clang'd his armour.
Then forward sped Antilochus,
as hound on fawn that's wounded,
Which, as it springeth from its lair,
with deadly aim a hunter
580
Hitting, its sinews hath unstrung;
so then, O Melanippus,
On thee the war-abiding youth
sprang, to despoil thy armour.
But godlike Hector saw, and ran
to thwart him in encounter.
Then, tho' an ardent warriour,
Antilochus retreated,
585
Skulking away, like some wild beast,
that conscious is of mischief,
Which, having haply kill'd a dog
or herdsman round the cattle,
Hurries escaping, ere the crowd
of peasants be assembled:
So hurried Nestor's son. At him
the Troïans and Hector
With an unearthly clamour pour'd
their darts' distressful shower:
590
But quickly fac' Round, when first
he reach'd his troop of comrades.
Meanwhile the Troian army, like
to raw-devouring lions,
Against the galleys press'd apace
and Jove's command accomplish'd,
Who alway waken'd in their heart
high courage; and bewitching
The Danaï, of glory them
despoil'd, but those excited,
595
Holding the purpose, to extend
to Hector son of Priam
The meed of glory, till he cast
upon the crested galleys
The restless fire's unearthly blaze
and wholly win for Thetis
Her pray'r ill-omen'd: this was Jove
the Counsellor awaiting,
The blaze before his eyes to see
rise from a burning galley.
600
Thenceforward destin'd he to give
a back-pursuit unceasing,
Driving the Troians from the ships
with glory to the Argives.
Such purpose holding, he against
the smoothly hollow galleys
Rous'd Hector, son of Priamus,
himself already eager;
Who rag'd, as eke may Ares' self,
spear-poiser; or as rageth
605
Upon the mountains deadly fire
in thickets of a forest.
Foam circled from his gnashing teeth:
beneath his horrid eyebrow
Gleam'd his two eyen; but the helm
shook dreadful on his temples
Amid the battle: sith to him
a champion from heaven
610
Was Jove himself; who him alone
mid many heroes honour'd
And glorified awhile; not long:
for, troth! his hour of greatness
Soon to expire was destin'd: sith
already maid Athene,
Beneath Pelides' might, on him
the day of doom was bringing.
To force a passage, troth! he wish'd,
the ranks of men attempting,
615
Where thickest he the crowd beheld
and noblest was the armour.
Yet, tho' supreme his hankering,
not even so he forc'd them,
As stood they, fitted tower-wise,
like to some rock of ocean,
Foot-cheating, huge, which plungeth sheer
amid the hoary surges,
And firm abideth aye, despite
the speedy-gliding courses
620
Of whistling gales, and turbid waves
which forth are belch'd against it:
So mid the war the Danaï
were motionless and tranquil.
But he amid the scuffle leapt,
with blaze around him sheeny,
Plumping, as on a galley sharp
may plump a bouncing billow,
Whose bulk by cloud-born squalls is fed
and all by foam is cover'd.
625
The direful blast against the sail
doth roar; the trembling sailors
Shrink with alarm; for close they ride
to death beside them yawning.
So direfully the heart was rent
within the Achaian bosom.
Then as the kine, on whom may come
a deadly-hearted lion,
630
In the great pasture of a marsh,
where they in numbers countless
Graze; and a herdsman in their midst
doth stand, not yet well trained
With stalwart-hearted beasts to fight
for crumple-horned cattle;
Thus, as the cows move, moveth he:
but pouncing on the middle,
635
The beast a heifer hath devour'd,
and all with panic filleth:
So with divine alarm, beneath
Hector and Jove the Father,
The Achaians were affrighted all:
yet none he overhended,
Save only Periphetes, son
of Mycenæan Copreus,
Who to Eurystheus message bare
of great Herácles' labours.
640
From such a father worser far,
was born an offspring better
In every virtue,-hand or foot,-
to fight, to run, to counsel;
For he in knowledge might defy
the foremost of Mycene:
Who by his fall to Hector gave
the meed of higher glory.
For, backward turning him, he tript
against his buckler's margin,
645
Which, reaching to his heels, he bare,
from javelins a shelter.
By this entangled, down he fell,
right on his back: the helmet,
Bang'd on the hard ground suddenly,
rang horrid round his temples.
But Hector, quick espying it,
ran up and stood before him,
And in his bosom plung'd the spear,
and near his dear companions
650
Slew him: but these unable were,
tho' heartstruck for their comrade,
Rescue to bring him; for themselves
had awe of godlike Hector.
They in full gaze the galleys held;
the outmost hulls embrac'd them,
Which foremost on the strand were haul'd:
and onward stream'd the Troians.
Then from the foremost galley-poops
perforce withdrew the Argives,
655
Yet cluster'd densely round their tents,
nor in confusion straggled,
By shame and fear constrain'd,
while each to each spake threat and counsel.
But chiefly there Gerenian Nestor,
watcher of the Achaians,
Touching the knees of every man,
besought him by his parents :
"O friends, be men, and in your souls
a bashful honour cherish,
660
Fearing the blame of other men;
and every one remember
His children and his tender wife,
his lot of land, and parents,
Whether alive they still abide,
or whether death have ta'en them.
On sake of these dear absent ones
I by your knees beseech you
665
Firmly to hold against the foe
nor yield yourselves to terror."
He, by such words, in every breast
spirit and strength excited,
And maid Athene from their eyes
the cloud of mist dispersed
Unearthly: so from either side
full light was shed around them,
Alike, where stood their inmost ships,
and o'er the impartial battle:
670
So knew they Hector good at need,
and knew their own companions,
Who from the galleys stood aloof
and fear'd to join the combat,
And who beside the galleys sharp
stood hardily in battle.
No longer then it pleas'd the soul
of mighty-hearted Ajax
To stand, where congregated stood
the children of Achaia;
675
But he along the galleys' decks
with mighty strides invading,
Wielded within his hands a pike,
made long for naval combat ;-
Full two-and-twenty ells its length,
with brazen clamps compacted.
As on the horses' backs is seen
a man to riding trained,
Who, picking from a numerous herd,
four steeds together slingeth,
680
And, from the country driving them,
to a great city rideth
Along a people-trodden road;
and many men and women
Stand gazing at him: calmly he
and safely, springs alternate
From back to back, as listeth him;
and headlong, on they scurry:
So Ajax on to many decks
of swiftcareering galleys
685
Long striding, mov'd alternately,
and rais'd his voice to heaven;
And alway to the Danaï
with dreadful whoop he shouted,
Would, mid the crowd of Troïans
close-corsleted, await him;
To save the galleys and the tents.-
On other side, nor Hector
But he, in guise no other, than
as tawny eagle souseth
690
On to a flock of winged fowl
that feed beside a river,
Or geeese or cranes or longnecked swans;
so, rushing straight, did Hector
Against the blue-prow'd galley dash:
for Jupiter behind him
By his own mighty hand press'd on,
and with him urg'd the people.
695
Then once again beside the ships
arose a bitter combat.
Thou mightest deem that men in war
unwounded and unweary
Each upon other rush'd: so fierce
and eager was their meeting.
Nor yet the combatants alike
were minded; for the Achaians
Escape from overmatching fate
hop'd not, but there to perish:
700
But each man of the Troïans
was in his bosom hopeful,
With fire to kindle yonder fleet
and slay the Achaian heroes.
With such forebodings of the heart
stood both the hosts confronting.
At length did Hector touch the poop
of that seacoursing vessel,
Fine-shap'd, swift-rowing o'er the waves,
which bare Protesilaüs
705
To Troy,-nor brought him back again
to his dear native country.
Fighting about this ship, I say,
Achaïans and Troians
Did hand to hand each other waste;
nor stood apart, awaiting
The distant arrowshots and darts:
but, bent on close encounter,
710
As with a single heart possest,
with hatchets sharp were fighting,
With axes and with mighty swords
and long twohanded lances.
And many a beauteous-hilted sword,
rimm'd with black edge of iron,
Some fell from hands upon the ground,
and
others from the shoulders,
-Lost with the belts of combatants;
and dark earth flow'd with carnage.
715
But Hector, when he once had seiz'd
the poop, no more would yield it,
But grasp'd the adornments in his hand,
and loudly charg'd the Troians :
"Fire! bring ye fire! and eke yourselves,
collected, swell the onset.
Jove granteth now to us a day,
which payeth for all others,
Their ships to capture; which, despite
the gods, have hither ventur'd,
720
And laid much misery on us,
thro' folly of our elders:
Who, when I eager was to fight
against the nearest galleys,
Forbade my marching to the war
and stopt my train of people.
But if widesighted Jupiter
did then our counsels cripple,
Yet now himself impelleth us
and urgeth unto daring."
725
So spake he: they with greater zeal
against the Argives sallied.
No longer then did Ajax wait;
for sore the darts distress'd him:
Yet but withdrew him step by step,
altho' of life despairing,
And left the even galley's deck,
and planted him in ambush
Upon a bench of seven feet :
thence with his spear repell'd he
730
The Troians from the ship, whoe'er
the restless fire might carry.
And alway to the Danaï
he call'd with horrid outcry :
"Friends, heroes of the Danaï
and ministers of Ares !
Be men, my friends! nor negligent
of furious encounter.
Deem ye, that now reserves we keep
auxiliar behind us,
735
Or any martial rampart, which
may men from ruin rescue?
No city hold we near at hand,
with towers tightly fashion'd,
Wherein might beaten troops be hid
and garrison of peoples.
But, on the plain of Troïans
close-corsleted, we combat
Leaning against the depth of sea,
far from our native country.
740
Therefore on daring dawneth light
and not on gentle fighting."
Frenzied he spake, and on the word
with pointed weapon follow'd.
Then whosoe'er of Troïans
against the hollow galleys
Rush'd onward with the wasting fire,
obeying Hector's summons;
Him with long spear did Ajax thrust,
forth sallying from ambush.
750
So laid he prostrate hand to hand
twelve men before the galley.
Ajax defending the ships of the Greeks. After a drawing by John Flaxman.