Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus 1346

Richard Jebb (Translator)

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Oedipus at Colonus. Sophocles. Richard Jebb (Translator). Cambridge. 1889.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The Annenberg CPB/Project.

Current edition Experimental

Oedipus at Colonus (English) (Sophocles the plays and fragments, Part 2: The Oedipus at Colonus. Jebb, Richard Claverhouse, Sir, translator. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1889. (Modernized by Perseus.))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 1346 focus
τὸν ἄνδρα, τοῦ πέμψαντος οὕνεκʼ, *Οἰδίπους,
εἰπὼν ὁποῖα ξύμφορʼ ἔκπεμψαι πάλιν.
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 1346 focus
Translations (4)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 1346 focus
For his sake who hath brought him, Oedipus,
Say what is meet, and let him go in peace.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 1346 focus
Des Mannes wegen, Dedipus, der ihn gesandt,
Erwidre, was dir heilsam dünkt, und laß ihn zieh'n.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 1346 focus
Thy faithful friends, how fair an heritage
Your CEdipus hath here bequeathed his children.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 1346 focus
In reverence to the king make some reply,
Such as thou judgest meet, then let him go.

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-941-1 τοῦ πέμψαντος 1

mvp-comment-941-2 εἰπὼν … ἔκπεμψαι 2

mvp-comment-942-1 δημοῦχοι 3

mvp-comment-943-1 δικαιῶν ὥστ’ 4

mvp-comment-944-1 ὀμφῆς 5

mvp-comment-945-1 ἀξιωθεὶς … κἀκούσας γ’ 6

mvp-comment-945-2 τοιαῦθ’ 7

mvp-comment-946-1 ὅς γ’, ὦ κάκιστε 8

mvp-comment-946-2 σκῆπτρα καὶ θρόνους 9

mvp-comment-947-1 ἃ 10

mvp-comment-948-1 τὸν αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ 11

mvp-comment-948-2 ἔθηκας ἄπολιν … καὶ φορεῖν 12

mvp-comment-948-3 ἄπολιν 14

mvp-comment-948-4 ταύτας 15

mvp-comment-949-1 πόνῳ … κακῶν 16

mvp-comment-949-2 βεβηκὼς 17

mvp-comment-949-3 ἐμοί 18

mvp-comment-950-1 κλαυστὰ … οἰστέα 19

mvp-comment-950-2 ἐμοὶ μὲν 20

mvp-comment-951-1 I have little doubt that τάδ’, ἕωσπερ , not τάδ’, ὥσπερ , is the true reading here. The synizesis of ἕως was familiar through Homer: Od. 2.148

τὼ δ’ ἕως μέν ῥ) ἐπέτοντο μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο
: Il. 17.727
ἕως μὲν γάρ τε θέουσι διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες
. In Ph. 1330
ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος
, Scaliger rightly changed
ὡς
to
ἕως
(first adopted by Wunder); Brunck, with less probability, to
ἔστ’
. In Ai. 1117
ὡς ἂν ᾖς ὀ=ός περ εἶ, ὡς
is more easily defended; but there also (I now think)
ἕως
was rightly conjectured by Scaliger.

mvp-comment-951-2 ἕωσπερ 21

mvp-comment-951-3 φονέως 22

mvp-comment-951-4 μεμνημένος 24

mvp-comment-952-1 μόχθῳ … ἔντροφον 25

mvp-comment-952-2 ἐκ σέθεν 27

mvp-comment-953-1 ἐπαιτῶ 28

mvp-comment-954-1 εἰ δ’ ἐξέφυσα … μὴ 29

mvp-comment-954-2 τὸ σὸν μέρος 30

mvp-comment-955-1 εἰς τὸ συμπονεῖν 31

mvp-comment-955-2 ἀπ’ ἄλλου 32

mvp-comment-956-1 τοιγάρ σ’ ὁ δαίμων 33

mvp-comment-956-2 I hold εἴπερ to be right: it refers to the statement made by Polyneices, which it does not call in question, but merely notes as the condition.

mvp-comment-956-3 κινοῦνται 34

mvp-comment-957-1 κείνην ἐρείψεις 35

mvp-comment-957-2 αἵματι … μιανθεὶς 36

mvp-comment-958-1 τοιάσδ’ 37

mvp-comment-958-2 ἐξανῆκ’ 38

mvp-comment-958-3 ξυμμάχους 39

mvp-comment-959-1 ἀνακαλοῦμαι 40

mvp-comment-960-1 ἵν’ ἀξιῶτον 41

mvp-comment-960-2 τοὺς φυτεύσαντας σέβειν 42

mvp-comment-961-1 καὶ μὴ )ξατιμάζητον 43

mvp-comment-961-2 ἔφυτον 44

mvp-comment-962-1 τοιγὰρ τὸ σὸν θ. 45

mvp-comment-962-2 Δίκη 46

mvp-comment-962-3 θάκημα 47

mvp-comment-962-4 κρατοῦσιν 48

mvp-comment-963-1 ἡ παλαίφατος 49

mvp-comment-964-1 ξύνεδρος 50 Ζηνὸς 51

mvp-comment-964-2 ἀρχαίοισνόμοις 52

mvp-comment-965-1 κἀπάτωρ … ἐμοῦ 53

mvp-comment-966-1 συλλαβὼν 54

mvp-comment-966-2 καλοῦμαι 55

mvp-comment-966-3 ἐμφυλίου 56

mvp-comment-967-1 δόρει 57

mvp-comment-967-2 νοστῆσαι 58

mvp-comment-967-3 τὸ κοῖλον Ἄργος 59

mvp-comment-968-1 κτανεῖν θ’ 60

mvp-comment-968-2 61

mvp-comment-969-1 πατρῷον 62

mvp-comment-969-2 I prefer (1), but suspect that the poet used

πατρῷον
with some measure of deliberate vagueness, leaving the hearers to choose between its possible associations, or to blend them. No emendation seems probable: see cr. n.

mvp-comment-969-3 ἀποικίσῃ 63

mvp-comment-970-1 τάσδε δαίμονας 64

mvp-comment-970-2 Ἄρη 65

mvp-comment-971-1 ἐξάγγελλε 66

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

1348. mvp-comment-710-1 The objections to δημοῦχοι, which has the authority of the first hand of L. (but cp. 1355), are well stated by Hermann: Reisigius ingeniose conjecit, ἄνδρες τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χθονός. Non est tamen credibile, ita scripsisse poetam, tum quia tam verbosa compellatio minus convenit homini irato, tum quod nudum nomen Thesei hic, ubi regia auctoritate se permotum indicare vult Oedipus, non satis grave est. For δημοῦχος, as applied to Theseus, cp. supra 1087.

1350. mvp-comment-711-1 For the amplification of the phrase with ὥστε, cp. Phil. 901, ἔπεισεν ὥστε μὴ μὲ ἄγειν ναύτην ἔτι; Eur. Hipp. 1327, ἤθελ᾽ ὥστε γίγνεσθαι τάδε.

1351. mvp-comment-712-1 ὀμφῆς τῆς ἐμῆς My voice. For the solemn association attaching to ὀμφή, cp. supra 550, κατ' ὀμφὴν σήν, and note.

1352. mvp-comment-713-1 νῦν δ᾽ ἀξιωθεὶς εἶσι But now this shall be vouchsafed him ere he go; yea, and he shall hear words that shall in nowise cheer his path of life: thine, O thou wretch,' etc.

1356. mvp-comment-714-1 τὸν αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ For αὑτοῦ = σεαυτοῦ, and for the order of words, cp. supr. 930.

1357. mvp-comment-715-1 στολάς Supr. 1258.

1357. mvp-comment-715-2 φορεῖν Governed by the notion of causation in ἔθηκας = ἐποίησας.

1359. mvp-comment-716-1 κακών Added to supplement πόνῳ. Cp. supra 1029-1030, ὕβριν τόλμης. .. 1360-1361. This is no case for tears. By me these things must be borne, however I live, never forgetting that you are my murderer.' κλαυστά] Some editors read κλαυτά. Dd2 The MS. reading is defended by Hermann, who says, Ego quidem suspicor in hoc nomine verbali idem accidisse, quod in γνωστός et γνωτός factum videri at Oed. R. 362 (361) adnotavi, ut hae formae subtili quodam significationis discrimine distinguerentur. Nam, nisi fallor, κλαυτός proprie est defletus, deinde autem ad exemplum aliorum verbalium lacrimabilis; κλαυστός autem lacrimandus, i. e. quem convenit defleri.

1361. mvp-comment-717-1 ὥσπερ ἂν ζῶ Whatever my life may be. Cp. Hom. Od. 17. 586, οὐκ ἄφρων ὁ ξεῖνος δίεται, ὅσπερ ἂν εἴη. Some take ὡs in this place for ἕως (see Essay on Language § 28. p. 47), but such a use of ὥσπερ is inadmissible. As above rendered, the words have an obvious reference to 1357-1359, and to supr. 1625, 6, I ask not for your compassion; whether I live happily or miserably, I shall equally regard you as my murderer.

1361. mvp-comment-717-2 μεμνημένος is nominative by attraction to the relative clause.

1363. mvp-comment-718-1 ἐκ σέθεν In consequence of your acts. Essay on Language § 19. p. 28. According to Sophocles in this play, Polynices was the elder brother. Supr. 1295.

1365. mvp-comment-719-1 For the position of μή, see Essay on Language § 41. p. 78. 1370-1371. (1) (Reading οὗ τί πω) Therefore the Avenging eyes are upon τροφαὶ ΑR. thee, not indeed as they will be by-andby, if once those battalions move towards the town of Thebes. The curse of Oedipus is absolute: but its immediate execution depends on the action of Polynices. Antigone may be supposed to have these words in her mind when she entreats her brother to turn his army back. Infr. 1416 ff. The apodosis to which μέν looks forward (εἰσόψεται δέ) is absorbed in the relative clause, ὡς αὐτίκα, SC. εἰσόψεται. (2) Retaining που from L, and supposing ὡs to be pleonastic as in various adverbial expressions (cp. esp. El. 1452, ὡς ἐτητύμως: Phil. 58, πλεῖς δ᾽ ὡς πρὸς οἶκον), a different turn may perhaps be given to the expression. Therefore the eye of Heaven regards thee, I do not say for immediate vengeance, since these battalions are on their march to Thebes.' In this case Oedipus contrasts the proud advance of Polynices at the head of the Argive host (cp. Ant. 119 ff.) with his impending ruin. For this momentary suspension of the curse, cp. Phil. 961, ὅλοιο μή πω, κ.τ.λ. The deferred apodosis is resumed by implication in 1372 ff. εἴπερ, with the indicative, suits better with (2): if. as you tell me. This is a real example of tragic irony. In this case που is slightly better than πω, because assisting the ironical expression. Not, I suppose, for instant retribution, since your great host is still upon its way. ὡς αὐτίκα, sc. εἰσορῶν, i. e. κολάζων. In support of the above suggestion (2), it may be urged that αὐτίκα rarely opposes future time to present, though it is occasionally so used by Plato (Gorg. 459 C, Rep. 495 С).

1371. mvp-comment-720-1 οἵδε .. λόχοι Oedipus speaks as if he saw the army which Polynices has described. Cp. supr. 1326 ff.

1372-1373. mvp-comment-721-1 οὐ γάρ, κ.τ.λ. The town, I say, for there is one who shall never call Thebes his "city." In the edition of Turnebus, ἐρεῖ τις is changed to ἐρείψεις, on which Hermann justly remarks, Etiam si illa fortasse codicis alicuju alicujus scriptura est, non levis manet suspicio, ingenioso eam correctori potius quam ipsi poetae deberi, non quod ἐρείψεις gravius verbum sit quam expectes, aut quod κείνην addi non opus fuerit; in hujusmodi rebus enim non est argutandum: sed quod codicum et veterum editionum scriptura tantum abest ut sensu careat, ut propterea tantum, quia difficilior est, correctione opus habuisse videatur.' The interpretation of the passage turns on the associations surrounding the word πόλις. (Cp. supra 837, 858.) Oedipus, in speaking to Polynices of Thebes, avoids the word πόλις, and uses ἄστυ instead, because, as he says with a sort of angry logic, Thebes shall never more be a city to Polynices, who shall be ἄπολις Θήβης as he is ἀπάτωρ ἐμοῦ (1383). It is to be remembered that the words πόλις and πατρίς were used by Greeks with the same affection. ate familiarity, and the same consciousness of the privileges attaching to them, as the words πατήρ, μήτηρ, ἀδελφός, and the like. This is not equally the case with ἄστυ, which is rather the place, while πόλις is the commonwealth, furnished well with men. Cp. Eur. Phoen. 613, Π. ὦ πόλις. ΕΤ. μολὼν ἐς Ἄργος ἀνακάλει Λέρνης ὕδωρ. On the use of the indefinite for the second personal pronoun, see Essay on Language § 22. p. 36. It may be further observed, against the reading of Turnebus, that Oedipus, who is looking forward to the defeat of the Thebans at his grave, is not likely thus to emphasize the impregnable strength of their city.

1375. mvp-comment-722-1 τοιάσδ᾽ ἀράς Viz. the curse of mutual slaughter. Sophocles here returns to the old legend, which he had altered so as to give a dramatic and ethical propriety to the curse of Oedipus. See Introd. p. 269. The curse thus solemnly recalled is the original curse of the old story, and not a mere accidental utterance like that in supra 421, foll.

1376. mvp-comment-723-1 ἀνακαλοῦμαι I invoke them anew in my behalf. So in Eur. Suppl. 626, κεκλημένους μὲν ἀνακαλούμεθ᾽ αὖ θεούς.

1377. mvp-comment-724-1 ἵν᾿ ἀξιῶτον, κ.τ.λ. For similar language accompanying a threat, cp. Ant. 310, 311: Tr. 1110-1111.

1378. mvp-comment-725-1 καὶ μὴ ἐξατιμάζητον, εἰ And may not think it a light matter that ye have been such sons to your blind father.

1378. mvp-comment-725-2 ἀτιμάζειν c. inf. in Eur. 608-609, is to neglect a duty. Hence ἐξατιμάζειν here means to persist in making light of a sin. For the compound, cp. ἐξουδενίζω. See Essay on Language p. 101. The clause εἰ.. ἔφυτον is the object of the verb. For the ethical force of ei='to think that,' see Essay on Language § 28. p. 46.

1378. mvp-comment-725-3 τυφλοῦ πατρὸς τοιώδ᾽ ἔφυτον is condensed for τυφλοῦ πατρὸς φύντες ἐγένεσθον τοιώδε: i. e. When your father was blind, you proved so undutiful.

1379. mvp-comment-726-1 Ultima hujus versus verba αἵδε γὰρ τάδ᾽ οὐκ ἔδρων, hac simplicitate sua admirabilem habent planeque divinam vim tum ad magnitudinem doloris propter impietatem filiorum, tum ad caritatem, quam filiae meruerunt, declarandam.' Herm.

1380-1381. mvp-comment-727-1 Therefore they have power to frustrate thy supplication and thy claim upon the throne.' They, viz. (1) my curses,' which are the main subject, the reflection αΐδε ἔδρων being inserted parenthetically. For this, cp. Phil. 351, οὐ γὰρ εἰδόμην: 668, καὶ δόντι δοῦναι: 1034, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις ἐκβαλεῖν ἐμέ: supra 280, φυγὴν δε του μήπω γενέσθαι φωτὸς ἀνοσίου βροτῶν. Otherwise (2), they, viz. the daughters, whose virtues justify the repulse of the son: sc. αὗται τοιαῦται γενόμεναι. But, although the verb is thus made to agree with the nearer subject, the words do not naturally bear this meaning. τὸ σὸν θάκημα has been interpreted to mean thine enthronement,' the whole line thus recalling the words of Polynices, supr. 1293, τοῖς σοῖς . . ἐνθακεῖν θρόνοις. But θάκημα has been used twice previously of the supplication of Polynices (11. 1160, 1179; cp. also 1163, 1166); and this meaning is here in point. Polynices has appealed not only to his right of primogeniture, but to the protection of Poseidon, from whose altar Theseus raised him with a solemn promise (supr. 1285-1290, 1293-1294). Оеdipus rejoins that both these claims are quashed by the righteousness of his paternal curse, which is justified by the filial ingratitude of both his sons, ap- 1380 1385 pearing still darker when contrasted with the piety of Antigone and Ismene.

1381-1382. mvp-comment-728-1 If the righteousness of which old legends tell presides in the immemorial rule of Zeus. Demosth. Ρ. 772-725, τὴν ἀπαραίτητον καὶ σεμνὴν Δίκην, ἣν ὁ τὰς ἁγιωτάτας ἡμῖν τελετὰς καταδείξας Ὀρφεὺς παρὰ τὸν τοῦ Διὸς θρόνον φησὶ καθημένην πάντα τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐφορᾶν. The latter part of the compound παλαιφάτουis subordinate, so that it is little more than παλαιοῦ, but with an association from φάτις, φήμη, cp. Τr. 823; Hes. Op. 257. The laws of Zeus are personified, like the νόμοι ἄγραφοι in O. T. 866. But the eternal laws are here imagined rather as ruling over events than as claiming the allegiance of the heart: in their retributive more than their directive aspect. Cp. Ant. 604, ff., τεάν, Ζεῦ, δύνασιν τίς ἀνδρῶν | ὑπερβασία κατάσχοι ; τὸ τ᾽ ἔπειτα καὶ τὸ μέλλον καὶ τὸ πρὶν ἐπαρκέσει | νόμος ὅδ'.

1383. mvp-comment-729-1 ἀπόπτυστος.. ἐμοῦ Disowned, ay, and abhorred by me. Essay on Language § 41. p. 78, B, b. ἐμοί, from ἐμοῦ following, is probably to be supplied with ἀπόπτυστος. For the genitive of respect after the privative, see Essay on Language § 10. p. 16.

1385. mvp-comment-730-1 ἅς σοι καλοῦμαι Which I invoke on thee. Cp. infr. 1389, 1391. The force of the middle voice here is to mark the intensely personal nature of the act: which I invoke on them from my very soul. In supr. 1376 it is rather, which being my own, I summon to my aid. σοι is dative of direct reference. Essay on Language § 12. p. 18.

1385. mvp-comment-730-2 γῆς ἐμφυλίου The land of thine own kin. The word marks the sacrilegious nature of Polynices' enterprise. Cp. αἷμ' ἐμφύλιον.

1387. mvp-comment-731-1 τὸ κοῖλον Ἄργος The vale of Argos, as in supra 378. Cp. 1301, and Homer's κοίλην Λακεδαίμονα.

1387-1388. mvp-comment-732-1 συγγενεῖ χερὶ . . ἐξελήλασαι] i. e. With brother's hand to slay and to be slain.' συγγενεῖ χερί and ὑφ' οὗπερ ἐξελήλασαι belong equally to both the infinitives. The phrase ὑφ' οὗπερ ἐξελήλασαι is a formal amplification, giving greater solemnity. For the legend, see Pind. Isthm. 7. (6.) 10.

1389-1390. mvp-comment-733-1 And I invoke the hated gloom of the abyss to carry thee away to his place. πατρῷον is obscure. Either (1), there is an allusion to the curse upon the Labdacidae, I invoke on thee the horrid gloom of Erebus, thy sole inheritance from our sire: or (2) simply, where my father is: or (3), πατρῷος is used as an epithet of Tartarus, to mark off a special function; cp. ZΖεὺς ξένιος, ἱκετήσιος, etc. The gloom of the nethermost abyss, that avenges fathers.The dreadful hell that waits upon a father's curse.' Taken either way πατρῷον conveys more of horror than Nauck's κάτωθεν, or Meineke's στυγνοπρόσωπον. Τάρταρος, like Όλυμπος, is less definite in Sophocles than in earlier poetry. 1395

1389. mvp-comment-734-1 τό τοῦ LA.

1389. mvp-comment-734-2 τοὺσ-ουσ Β Vat.

1389. mvp-comment-734-3 ἐμβεβληκότα ἐ(κ?)βεβληκότα LL². ἐμ1393. κἀξάγγελλ' κἐξάγγελ' Α.

1391. mvp-comment-735-1 τάσδε δαίμονας Oedipus invokes the Eumenides against Polynices, as against Creon supr. 1010 ff., rather as his patron deities than in their primary character as Erinyes. See Introd. p. 281, and contrast Ajax' invocation of the same deities, Aj. 843.

1391. mvp-comment-735-2 Ἄρη The God of strife and destruction, who in Sophocles is often regarded as an evil power. Cp. O. T. 190.

1392. mvp-comment-736-1 For δεινόν, cp. supr. 336.