Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus 365

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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OED
960
O boldness void of shame! Whom dost thou think
960
Thy obloquy most harms, this agèd head
960
Or thine, who hast thus let pass thy lips the crimes
I have borne unwittingly. So Heaven was pleased
To wreak some old offence upon our race.
Since in myself you will find no stain of sin
For which such ruinous error ’gainst myself
965
And mine own house might be the recompense.
Tell me, I pray thee, if a word from Heaven
Came to my father through the oracle
That he should die by his son’s hand,—what right
Hast thou to fasten that reproach on me,
970
The child not yet begotten of my sire,
An unborn nothing, unconceived? Or if,
Born as I was to misery, I encountered
And killed my father in an angry fray,
Nought knowing of what I did or whom I slew,
975
What reason is’t to blame the unwitting deed?
And, oh, thou wretch! art not ashamed to force me
To speak that of my mother, thine own sister,
Which I will speak, for I will not keep silence,
Since thou hast been thus impious with thy tongue.
She was my mother, oh, the bitter word!
980
Though neither knew it, and having borne me, she
Became the mother of children to her son,
An infamous birth! Yet this I know, thy crime
Of speech against us both is voluntary.
But all involuntary was my deed
985
In marriage and is this mine utterance now.
No,—that shall not be called a bosom-sin,
Nor shall my name be sullied with the deed,
Thy tongue would brand on me, against my sire.
For answer me one question. If to-day,
990
Here, now, one struck at thee a murderous stroke,—
At thee, the righteous person,—wouldst thou ask
If such assailant were thy sire, or strike
Forthwith? Methinks, as one who cares to live,
You would strike before you questioned of the right,
995
Or reasoned of his kindred whom you slew.
Such was the net that snared me: such the woes
Heaven drew me to fulfil. My father’s spirit,
Came he to life, would not gainsay my word.
But thou, to whom, beneath the garb of right,
No matter is too dreadful or too deep
1000
For words, so rail’st on me, in such a presence.
Well thou dost flatter the great name of Theseus,
And Athens in her glory stablished here,
But midst thy fulsome praises thou forgettest
How of all lands that yield the immortal Gods
1005
Just homage of true piety, this land
Is foremost. Yet from hence thou would’st beguile
Me, the aged suppliant. Nay, from hence thou would’st drag
Myself with violence, and hast reft away
My children. Wherefore I conjure these powers,
1010
With solemn invocation and appeal,
To come and take my part, that thou may’st know
What men they are who guard this hallowed realm.

Oedipus at Colonus. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 365 focus
ἃ δʼ ἀμφὶ τοῖν σοῖν δυσμόροιν παίδοιν κακὰ
365
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 254-509 focus
Translations (4)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 385 focus
Du hattest Hoffnung also, daß die Götter mein
380
Gedenken werden, daß mir Rettung einst erscheint?
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 365 focus
Antigone
Scene II. 1670
Ismene (loith Attendants), Messenger,
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 365 focus
Oedipus
Your painful pleasure thus declared, my child,
You overcome me: be it as you will.
1205
Only if hither he must come, my friend,
Protect me, o'er my life let none have pow'r.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 254-507 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-709-1 τοῦ 1

mvp-comment-710-1 μοι 2

mvp-comment-710-2 διῆκας 3

mvp-comment-711-1 ἄκων 4

mvp-comment-711-2 θεοῖς 5

mvp-comment-712-1 ἄν 6

mvp-comment-713-1 ἐπεὶ καθ’ αὑτόν γ’ 7

mvp-comment-713-2 Others take

ἀνθ’ ὅτου
as=
"in that,"
" because ,"
and understand:—
"For you cannot charge any guilt on me personally (
καθ’ αὑτόν"
), in that I sinned against myself and my kindred.
But (1) καθ’ αὑτόν could not naturally express this contrast between the badness of the acts and the innocence of the agent. It contrasts the man with the
γένος
. (2) ἀνθ’ ὅτου regularly (if not always)=
"in return for which,"
"wherefore"
: e.g. El. 585
δίδαξον ἀνθ’ ὅτου τανῦν
αἴσχιστα πάντων ἔργα δρῶσα τυγχάνεις
: Eur. Alc. 246
οὐδὲν θεοὺς δράσαντας ἀνθ’ ὅτου θανεῖ
: I. T. 926
ἡ δ’ αἰτία τίς ἀνθ’ ὅτου κτείνει πόσιν;
So Hec. 1131 , 1136.

mvp-comment-714-1 ἐπεὶ δίδαξον 8

mvp-comment-714-2 εἴ τι θέσφατον 9

mvp-comment-715-1 The simple inf. θανεῖν could have depended on

θέσφατον
, but ὥστε is added, as below 1350 ; Plat. Prot. 338C
ἀδύνατον ἡμῖν ὥστε Πρωταγόρου τοῦδε σοφώτερόν τινα ἑλέσθαι
: Eur. Hipp. 1327
Κύπρις γὰρ ἤθελ’ ὥστε γίγνεσθαι τάδε
: Thuc. 1.119
δεηθέντες ὥστε ψηφίσασθαι
: 8. 45
πεῖσαι ὥστε συγχωρῆσαι.

mvp-comment-715-2 παίδων 10

mvp-comment-716-1 οὔτε...οὐ 11

mvp-comment-716-2 βλάστας 12

mvp-comment-717-1 φανεὶς δύστηνος 13

mvp-comment-717-2 ἐγὼ )φάνην 14

mvp-comment-718-1 ἐς χεῖρας 15

mvp-comment-719-1 μηδὲν 16

mvp-comment-720-1 The MSS. have πῶς γ’ ἄν , but γ’ should probably be omitted. In L, at least, there is a perceptible tendency to insert

γ’, τ’
, etc., superfluously (cp. cr. n. on 260); and here the first γ’ would weaken the second, while πῶς needs no strengthening. In O. T. 1030 , where L and most MSS. have
γ’...γε
, we should read
δ’...γε
. There is, however, no objection to a doubled
γε
where each of two words in the same sentence is to be emphasised ( Her. 1.187 ).

mvp-comment-720-2 ἆκον 17

mvp-comment-721-1 L's τλήμων might be either ( a ) predicate with the verb, or ( b ) nom. for voc., as 185

ὦ τλάμων
, where see n. But ( a ) would be rather weak; and a direct address, rather than a half-comment (as in 185), is fitting here. τλῆμον , then, seems most probable.

mvp-comment-722-1 οὖν 18

mvp-comment-723-1 εἰς τόδ’ ἐξελθ. ἀνόσιον στόμα 19

mvp-comment-723-2 ἀνόσιον στόμα 20

mvp-comment-724-1 — 984 He has just said,

"why force me to speak of Iocasta's marriage, when it was such as I will tell? "
(980). In these three vv. he tells of what sort it was,—viz., incestuous, but unconsciously so;—a double reason why Creon should have spared the taunt.

mvp-comment-724-2 ἔτικτεν 21

mvp-comment-724-3 αὑτῆς ὄνειδος 22

mvp-comment-725-1 δυσστομεῖν 23

mvp-comment-726-1 ἄκων 24

mvp-comment-727-1 ἀλλ’ οὐ γὰρ 25

mvp-comment-727-2 The MS.

ἀκούσομαι κακὸς
=
"will be pronounced evil"
(in the report of fairminded men): cp. Ph. 1074
ἀκούσομαι μὲν ὡς ἔφυν οἴκτου πλέως | πρὸς τοῦδ
:
"I shall be reproached, as full of pity, by yon man"
: ib. 607
ὁ πάντ’ ἀκούων αἰσχρὰ καὶ λωβήτ’ ἔπη
. But the conjecture ἁλώσομαι has certainly more force and point: cp. O. T. 576
οὐ γὰρ δὴ φονεὺς ἁλώσομαι
: Ant. 46
οὐ γὰρ δὴ προδοῦσ’ ἁλώσομαι
.

mvp-comment-728-1 ἐμφορεῖς 26

mvp-comment-728-2 φόνους 27

mvp-comment-729-1 ἄμειψαι 28

mvp-comment-730-1 εἴ τις … κτείνοι 29

mvp-comment-730-2 αὐτίκα 30

mvp-comment-730-3 τὸν δίκ 31

mvp-comment-731-1 δοκῶ μέν 32

mvp-comment-732-1 περιβλέποις 33

mvp-comment-733-1 εἰσέβην 34

mvp-comment-733-2 After ἀντειπεῖν and like words the person gainsaid is denoted by the dat.; the argument , by

περί τινος
or
πρός τι
. Here we begin with a neut. dat.

mvp-comment-733-3 οἶς 35

mvp-comment-733-4 ἐμοί 36

mvp-comment-733-5 ἂν 37 ἀντειπεῖν 38

mvp-comment-733-6 ἐγὼ οὐδὲ 39

mvp-comment-734-1 πατρὸς ψυχὴν … ζῶσαν 40

mvp-comment-734-2 ψυχή 41

mvp-comment-735-1 ἅπαν 42

mvp-comment-735-2 καλὸν 43

mvp-comment-735-3 ῥητὸν ἄρρ 44

mvp-comment-736-1 τὸ Θ. ὄνομα θωπ 45

mvp-comment-736-2 θωπεῦσαι 46

mvp-comment-736-3 καλόν 47

mvp-comment-737-1 ὡς κατῴκηνται καλῶς 48

mvp-comment-738-1 κᾆθ’ 49

mvp-comment-738-2 πολλὰ 50

mvp-comment-739-1 εἴ τις γῆ θεοὺς 51

mvp-comment-740-1 τῷδ’ 52

mvp-comment-741-1 κλέψας 53

mvp-comment-742-1 ἐχειροῦ 54

mvp-comment-742-2 οἴχει 55

mvp-comment-743-1 κατασκήπτω λιταῖς 56

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

960-961. mvp-comment-520-1 Oedipus means that Creon's language reflects disgrace upon himself as the brother of Jocasta, and as having made an outcast of his kinsman. Cp. supr. 770, 800, 1, πότερα νομίζεις .. ἐν τῷ νῦν λόγῳ; 753-754, ἆρ᾽ ἄθλιον τοὔνειδος.. ὠνείδισ᾽ εἰς σὲ κἀμέ; infr. 978 ff. And for λῆμα, Pind. Pyth. 3. 25, λῆμα Κορωνίδος.

962. mvp-comment-521-1 ὅστις φόνους μοι Who hast allowed to pass thy lips against me the mention of that murder and that disastrous marriage which I unfortunate endured unwittingly. The general word συμφοράς (here, as in O. T. 99, equivalent to ἄγος) sums up the preceding notions, and adds to them. Cp. O. Τ. 1407-1408, χὠπόσα | αἴσχιστ᾽ ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔργα γίγνεται.

965. mvp-comment-522-1 Who would seem to have had some old cause of wrath against our race.' Cp. Plat. Phaedr. 244 D. πόνων τῶν μεγίστων, ἃ δὴ παλαιῶν ἐκ μηνιμάτων ποθὲν ἔν τισι τῶν γενῶν ἦν.

966. mvp-comment-523-1 The comparative innocence of VOL. I. Oedipus in his voluntary actions is a chief point in the tragic interest of the Oedipus Tyrannus, and is still more strongly asserted in this play.

966. mvp-comment-523-2 ἐμοί Sc. προσόν.

967. mvp-comment-524-1 ἀνθ᾿ ὅτου In retribution for which; involuntary crimes being regarded as a punishment for some previous crime.

970. mvp-comment-525-1 χρησμοῖσιν .. παίδων Poetical (generalizing) plural. Cp. O. Τ. 711-713.

970. mvp-comment-525-2 ὥστε 'That he should die by his son's hand;' i. e. an oracle, whose fulfilment lay in his being slain by his son. Cp. 1350, δικαιῶν ὥστ᾽ ἐμοῦ κλύειν λόyous, and see note on O. T. 713. 972-973. Who was not yet begotten or conceived, but at that time had not come into being.'

974-976. mvp-comment-526-1 And if, coming into the world as I came, marked by misfortune, I fought with and slew my father, all ignorant of what I was doing and to whom, how then can you in fairness blame me for what I did, seeing it was Bb unwitting?' ὡς ἐγὼ ᾿φάνην refers to the conditions of the oracle given to Laius. Cp. O. Τ. 1376, ὅπως ἔβλαστε.

977. mvp-comment-527-1 * δάν, ( = δὴ ἄν, cp. El. 314), is a correction of y' av, in which the reduplication of the particles makes γε doubtful. For a similar error in the MSS. cp. supr. 51, ἄτιμός γ᾽ ἔκ γ᾽ ἐμοῦ.

977. mvp-comment-527-2 ἶκον = ἀκούσιον. Essay on Language p. 94, cp. supra 239, ἔργων ἀκόντων.

980-981. mvp-comment-528-1 Being such as I will presently tell of: for no, I will not keep silence, when you have gone to such a height of impiety. οὖν represents Oedipus' speaking as the natural consequence of Creon's.

980-981. mvp-comment-528-2 εἰς τόδε.. ἀνόσιον στόμα (1) Το this height of impiety in speaking.' Cp. supra 132, τὸ τᾶς εὐφήμου στόμα φροντίδος ἱέντες. This is better than (2) taking ἀνόσιον στόμα separately, as an accusative of limitation. To such a height in thine impious speech.

982. mvp-comment-529-1 ἔτικτε.. οὐκ εἰδυῖα She was, she was my mother, though we knew it not; i. e. ἦν μητὴρ οὐκ εἰδότος οὐκ εἰδυῖα.

986. mvp-comment-530-1 Brunck's διστομεῖν was suggested not by levity, as Elmsley thought, but by the correction of Par. A.

987. mvp-comment-531-1 ἄκων is used in two senses: (1) unwittingly, δι' ἄγνοιαν, (2) against my will, βίᾳ.

988. mvp-comment-532-1 ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ But (your charge is groundless), for, etc. So in Tr. 552, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ, ὥσπερ εἶπον, ὀργαίνειν καλὸν | γυναῖκα νοῦν ἔχουσαν: Εl. 595.

988. mvp-comment-532-2 ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γὰρ οὐδὲ νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε. Essay on Language § 25. p. 43.

988. mvp-comment-532-3 ἀκούσομαι I shall be reputed.

993. mvp-comment-533-1 κτείνοι Were to attempt to kill.

994. mvp-comment-534-1 ὁ καίνων He who was trying to kill you. Cp. Hdt. 3. 99, οἱ μάλιστά οἱ ὁμιλέοντες κτείνουσι.. ὁ δὲ ἄπαρνός ἐστι, κ.τ.λ. Eur. Phoen. 1600, (ΟΙΔ.) ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἐγενόμην, εὐθὺς ὁ σπείρας πατὴρ | κτείνει με, κ.τ.λ. Essay on Language § 32. p. 55.

995-996. mvp-comment-535-1 Methinks, as you love life, you would punish the aggressor, and not scrutinize too closely the justice of the case.

997. mvp-comment-536-1 εἰσέβην I came into. Cp. Aesch. Suppl. 470, ἄτης δ' ἄβυσσον πέλαγος οὐ μάλ' εὔπορον | τόδ' ἐσβέβηκα.

998. mvp-comment-537-1 And I do not think that my father's spirit, were he alive, would gainsay my words.' The antecedent to ois is the argument from 989-996.

1000. mvp-comment-538-1 εἰ γὰρ οὐ δίκαιος You, however, for you only profess to be just, and think any word decorous, whether fit to be spoken or not, you pour these reproaches upon me in the presence of these men. Cp. supra 992, σὲ τὸν δίκαιον, and Creon's reasons 941-952.

1000. mvp-comment-538-2 τοῦθ' τοῦδ᾽ LBVat.

1003-1004. mvp-comment-539-1 And it suits your purpose well to flatter the name of Theseus, and Athens and her noble institutions. 1003. τὸ Θησέως ὄνομα θωπεῦσαι] Viz. in the courteous address, ὦ τέκνον Αἰγέως, supra 940.

1003-1004. mvp-comment-539-2 καλόν So in Phil. 1155, νῦν καλὸν..

1003-1004. mvp-comment-539-3 κορέσαι στόμα.

1004. mvp-comment-540-1 καὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας, κ.τ.λ. Supra 733-734, 758-759, 943-953. κατώκηνται καλῶς] Cp. Plat. Legg. 683 Α, τὴν εἰς Λακεδαίμονα κατοίκισιν..

1004. mvp-comment-540-2 ἣν ὑμεῖς ὀρθῶς ἔφατε κατοικεῖσθαι καὶ Κρήτην ὡς ἀδελφοῖς νόμοις. 1005. And then amidst all your praises (join ὧδε πολλά), you forget this praise.' 1007. The correction of Par. F (2886), ῶν θεοὺς, suggests *θεῶν.. τιμάς.

1004. mvp-comment-540-3 τοῦθ' This land is foremost in that virtue. For the genitive in the reading of L, cp. El. 1095-1097, ἃ δὲ μέγιστ᾽ ἔβλαστε νόμιμα | τῶνδε φερομέναν ἄριστα. But the reading of A is in this case clearer and more harmonious. Bb2

1008. mvp-comment-541-1 τὸν ἱκέτην γέροντ᾽ ἐμέ Cp. O. T. 1153, Phil. 930.

1009. mvp-comment-542-1 Wert seizing me. and hast carried away my children. For the imperfect, cp. supr. 950. ἐχειροῦ is read in Par. F.

1012. mvp-comment-543-1 θ' is added from a corrector of Par. F.