Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannus 358

Robert Potter (Translator)

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Oedipus
If what is done I have not wisely done,
Instruct me now, and counsel me no more.
1370
I know not with what eyes in Pluto's realm
I could behold my father, had I sight,
Or my unhappy mother: these dark orbs,
These deeds are better than the strangling cord.
But to behold my children's opening bloom,
1375
As I beheld them bloom, must be a sight
Much to be wish'd: no, never to my eyes;
Nor e'en this city, nor its rampired tow'rs,
Nor the revered forms of its sculptured gods,
Of which I, once of all the sons of Thebes
1380
Most glorious, have deprived myself, my voice
Injoining all an outcast hence to chase
This wretch unhallow'd, by the gods declared
Impure, and from the blood of Laius sprung.
This impious stain disclos'd, could e'er my eyes
1385
Dare unaverted look on these again?
No: could I stop the fount of hearing too,
Without remorse from this unhappy frame
Would I shut out its entrance, that nor eye
Nor ear might aught perceive; for sweet the life
1390
That glides away without the sense of ills.
Me, O Cithæron, why didst thou receive,
Or when received not instantly destroy,
That whence my birth I never might have shown?
O Polybus, O Corinth, and the house
1395
Once call'd my father's, what a seemly form
Of glory, covering ills that rankled deep,
In me you cherish'd, for I now am found
Vile, and my birth deriving from the vile !
O ye three ways, ye secret dells, thou grove,
1400
And, where the three ways meet, thou narrow path,
Who drank my father's blood shed by these hands,
Yet, do you yet remember me, what deeds
I did among you, then what deeds again
I here committed? O ye nuptials, O
1405
Ye nuptials, you produced this plant, then gave
To the same soil the same seed back, and show'd
Fathers, sons, brothers, streams of kindred blood,
Sisters, wives, mothers, and whatever deeds
'Mongst men are deem'd most vile. But, since the deeds
1410
Shameful in act not well beseem the tongue,
Quick, by the gods, in some far distant place
Hide me, or kill me, or beneath the sea
Hurl me to sink for ever. Come, my friends,
Disdain not an unhappy man to touch;
1415
1416
Let me prevail; why should you fear? my ills
Of all mankind none but myself can bear.

Oedipus Tyrannus. Sophocles. Robert Potter (Translator). London. 1820.

Current edition Experimental

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Robert Potter, 1788))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 358 focus
πρὸς σοῦ· σὺ γάρ μ᾽ ἄκοντα προὐτρέψω λέγειν.
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 463-511 focus
Translations (3)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 358 focus
OED
Pinion him straight!
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 354 focus
So kühn, so schamlos schüttest du dies Wort heraus,
355
Und wähnst vielleicht, du werdest meiner Nach' entflieh'n?
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 463-510 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-830-1 ἄριστ’ 1 οὐχ ὦδε 2 ἐστὶν ἄριστα εἰργασμένα 3

mvp-comment-831-1 βλέπων 4 εἰ 5 ποίοις ὄμμασιν 6

mvp-comment-832-1 εἰς Ἅιδου 7

mvp-comment-833-1 οἶν … δυοῖν 8

mvp-comment-834-1 κρείσσον’ ἀγχόνης 9 ἀγχόνης 10

mvp-comment-835-1 ἀλλ’ 11

mvp-comment-835-2 τέκνων ὄψις … βλαστοῦσα 12

mvp-comment-835-3 ὅπως ἔβλαστε 13

mvp-comment-836-1 πύργος 14

mvp-comment-837-1 ἀγάλμαθ’ ἱερά 15

mvp-comment-837-2 τῶν 16

mvp-comment-838-1 κάλλιστ’ ἀνὴρ εἷς … τραφείς. εἷς 17 κάλλιστ’ 18

mvp-comment-838-2 ἔν γε ταῖς θήβαις 19 γε 20

mvp-comment-839-1 ἀπεστέρησ’ ἐμαυτόν 21

mvp-comment-840-1 τὸν ἀσεβῆ 22 ὠθεῖν 23 τὸν … φανέντα 24 τὸν φανέντα 25 ὠθεῖν 26 καὶ γένους τοῦ Λαΐου 27

mvp-comment-841-1 κηλῖδα 28 μηνύσας 29

mvp-comment-842-1 ὀρθοῖς 30

mvp-comment-843-1 τῆς ἀκουούσης … πηγῆς 31 δῑ ὤτων 32

mvp-comment-844-1 ἐσχόμην 33

mvp-comment-845-1 τὸ μή 34

mvp-comment-846-1 ἵν ἦ 35 ἦ 36 μηδέν 37 ἵνα 38

mvp-comment-847-1 ἔξω τῶν κακῶν 39

mvp-comment-848-1 The imperf. ἐδέχου 40

mvp-comment-849-1 ὡς ἔδειξα 41

mvp-comment-850-1 τὰ πάτρια λόγῳ 42 παλαιά 43

mvp-comment-851-1 κάλλος κακῶν ὕπουλον 44 κακῶν 45

mvp-comment-851-2 κάλλος 46

mvp-comment-851-3 ὕπουλον 47

mvp-comment-852-1 κἀκ κακῶν 48

mvp-comment-853-1 His memory recalls the scene as if he were again approaching it on his way from Delphi. First, he descries three roads converging in a deep glen or ravine ( τρεῖς κέλευθοι—κεκρυμμένη νάπη 49 δρυμός 50 στενωπός 51 ἐν τριπλαῖς ὁδοῖς 52

mvp-comment-854-1 τοὐμὸν αἷμα 53 πατρός 54

mvp-comment-855-1 For τι 55 οἶα, ὁποῖα 56 οἶα, ὁποῖα 57

mvp-comment-856-1 ἀνεῖτε ταὐτοῦ σπέρμα 58 ταὐτὸν 59 σπέρμα 60

mvp-comment-857-1 The marriage of Iocasta with Oedipus constituted ( ἀπεδείξατε 61 αἶμ’ ἐμφύλιον 62 νύμφας 63 γυναῖκας 64 μητέρας 65 ὁπόσα αἴσχιστα ἔργα γίγνεταἰ. αἶμ’ ἐμφύλιον 66 πατέρας ἀδελφοὺς παῖδας 67

mvp-comment-858-1 ἔξω μέ που | καλύψατ’ 68 καλύψατ’ 69 ἐκρίψατ’ 70

mvp-comment-859-1 θαλάσσιον 71 ἔνθα μή 72

mvp-comment-860-1 No one can share the burden of his ills. Other men need not fear to be polluted by contact with him, as with one guilty of blood. His unwitting crimes and his awful sufferings—alike the work of Apollo—place him apart. In illustration of the fear which he seeks to allay, compare the plea of Orestes that, since he has been duly purified from bloodshed, contact with him has ceased to be dangerous ( Aesch. Eum. 285

ὅσοις προσῆλθον ἀβλαβεῖ ξυνουσίᾀ.
—Contrast Soph. OC 1132 ff. , where Oed. will not allow his benefactor Theseus to touch him. There, he feels that he is still formally ἄναγνος, and that gratitude forbids him to impart a possible taint. Here, he thinks only of his unique doom and his incommunicable anguish.

mvp-comment-861-1 ὧν ἐπαιτεῖς ἐς δέον 73 ὧν 74

mvp-comment-861-2 τὸ πράσσειν καὶ τὸ βουλεύειν 75

mvp-comment-862-1 μοῦνος 76

mvp-comment-863-1 τίς μοι φανεῖται πίστις ἔνδικος; 77

mvp-comment-864-1 πάντ’ 78

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

1369. mvp-comment-761-1 ἄριστα answers to κρείσσων. That this action is not best as it is,' (ὡς τάδ᾽ οὐκ ἔστ᾽ ἄριστα ὧδε εἰργασμένα). Cp. Hdt. 1. 37, ἀμείνω ἐστὶ ταῦτα οὕτω ποιεύμενα.

1369-1415. mvp-comment-762-1 In this wonderful speech the passion of Oedipus is heard rising in varied tones from 1369 to 1390 (the steps are 1369-1374, 1375,6, 1377-1383, 1384-1390); culminating in the prolonged outburst 1391-1408, where the four stages of horror in his life are recounted, and gradually subsiding into a gentler pathos in 1409-1413, 1414-1415.

1371. mvp-comment-763-1 βλέπων If I had sight. 1372. The shade of the dead in Hades is imagined as having all the characteristics of the living form. Oedipus, selfblinded, will be blind in Hades, just as the ghost of Heracles in the venuta has the ghostly belt and bow.

1373. mvp-comment-764-1 οἷν In relation to whom, or, 'on whom. For this dative, see Essay on Language § 12. p. 18.

1374. mvp-comment-765-1 κρείσσον᾿ ἀγχόνης ‘Worse than death.' Which I would rather have died by strangling than do. Cp. Eurip. Alc. 229-230, ἄξια καὶ σφαγᾶς τάδε, καὶ πλέον ἢ βρύχῳ δέρην | οὐρανίῳ πελάσσαι.

1375. mvp-comment-766-1 But surely the sight of my children was a sight to be desired by me, having such an origin as they had? No, not for these eyes to see. For δῆτα here, cp. Phil. 1352, ἀλλ᾽ εἰκάθω δῆτ'; and for the hypallage or attraction in ὄψις..

1375. mvp-comment-766-2 βλαστούσα, see E on L. § 35. p. 60.

1376. mvp-comment-767-1 βλαστοῦσ᾽ ὅπως ἔβλαστε gives a reason by anticipation for οὐ δῆτα τοῖς γ᾽ ἐμοῖσιν ὀφθαλμοῖς ποτέ. Cp. Eur. Οr. 79. ἔπλευσ᾽ ὅπως ἔπλευσα. As com- 1378. ἄστυ, sc. ἦν προσλεύσσειν ἐμοί.

1380. mvp-comment-768-1 ἀνὴρ εἰς is often used with superlatives to signify, pared singly with any other.' (Tr. 460, πλείστας ἀνὴρ εἷς Ἡρακλῆς ἔγημε δή, Thuc. 3. 39. μάλιστα δὴ μίαν πόλιν.) So here ἀνὴρ εἷς is More than any other single man. This idiom affords a curious illustration of the tendency of the Greek language to limit an assertion in the act of emphasizing it.

1381. mvp-comment-769-1 Cp. supr. 350.

1382. mvp-comment-770-1 τὸν ἐκ θεῶν.. γένους τοῦ Λαΐου Whom the gods have shown to be an unholy person, and who is discovered to be of the race of Laius. The words καὶ γένους τοῦ Λαΐου are added as the climax of horror. This designation was not included in the oracular curse, but the mind of Oedipus naturally passes from the anticipation to the actual discovery-to which the oracle had pointed the way, and which was chiefly present to his mind. ،

1384. mvp-comment-771-1 τοιάνδ᾽.. ἐμήν ἐμήν is predicative. Having brought to light such a stain upon myself was I going to look these men in the face with unchanged eyes?' Cp. supr. 572, τὰς ἐμάς ... Λαΐου διαφθοράς. Ε. on L. § 23. p. 37, β. γ.

1385. mvp-comment-772-1 τούτους i. e. the citizens represented by the chorus. Oedipus is speaking to the coryphaeus. The expression ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασι, while alluding to the mangling of his eyes, also conveys the association of a frank and steady look. Cp. Eur. Ι. Α. 851, οὐ γὰρ ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασίν σ' ἔτ᾽ εἰσορῶ, | ψευδὴς γενομένη, κ.τ.λ.

1386. mvp-comment-773-1 But if there could also have been found a way of closing up the fountain of hearing in my ears.'

1387. mvp-comment-774-1 οὐκ ἂν ἐσχόμην I would not have refrained. Cp. Hdt. 6. 85, ἔσχοντο τῆς ἀγωγῆς. The MSS, with a few exceptions, have ἀνεσχόμην or ἠνεσχόμην, which gives an inferior sense, and the omission of av is improbable here. μή rather than μὴ οὐ is used, because of the hypothetical sentence. Essay on Language p. 49.

1389. mvp-comment-775-1 ἵν᾿ ἡ Cp. 1392. Essay on Language § 36. pp. 60, 61. τὸ γάρ, κ.τ.λ. (1) For it is sweet for the mind to dwell in her own place, shutting out the sight of evils. For φροντίς as the subject, cp. Eur. Med. 48, νέα γὰρ φροντὶς οὐκ ἀλγεῖν φιλεῖ. Or (2) 'Tis sweet to guide one's thought out of reach of evil.' Said in contradistinction to οἰκεῖν πόλιν. See v. rr.

1391. mvp-comment-776-1 τί μ᾿ ἐδέχου Why did you not refuse to receive me? So the force of the imperfect may be expressed. For the appeal to nature, cp. (although the tone is somewhat different in each place) Phil. 936 foll., ὦ λιμένες, ὦ προβλήτες, κ.τ.λ.: Ant. 844-845, ἰὼ Διρκαῖαι κρῆναι Θήβας τ' | εὐαρμάτου ἄλσος.

1394. mvp-comment-777-1 τὰ πάτρια λόγῳ παλαιὰ δώ- μαθ'] 'Home long ago in name though not really my father's.'

1395. mvp-comment-778-1 ἆρα Essay on Language § 29. p. 50. Ye brought me up, how fair in aprough pearance, while corruption rankled within. Cp. Shakespeare, Hamlet, 3. 4,

It will but skin and film the ulcerous place, while rank corruption, mining all within, infects unseen.

1400. mvp-comment-779-1 That drank from these my hands the blood from which I sprang. τουμὸν αἷμα πατρός is not merely = τοὐμοῦ πατρὸς αἷμα, but marks that the blood which he shed was the same which ran in his veins - the blood of my father, which was my blood.

1401. mvp-comment-780-1 μέμνησθέ τι Herm. defended μέμνησθ' ὅτι, the reading of most MSS. Although this is singular, it is not certain that the exclamations οἷα.. ὁποῖα might not be used in a dependent clause. Do you remember that I did-what deeds! before you? The marginal reading ὅταν points to ὅτε; cp. supra 1134, κατοῖδεν ἦμος, κ.τ.λ. But of conjectural readings the most probable is μέμνησθέ τι (Elmsley), partly supported by Vat. c Trin. K. Do you at all remember? Cp. the v.r. on 1412. This is certainly idiomatic, and may be the genuine reading. For τι, cp. supra 1130, ἢ συνήλλαξάς τί πω; Phil. 1130, φρένας εἴ τινας ἔχεις : Ο C. 1281, ἢ τέρψαντά τι. ἢ δυσχεράναντ', and esp. Eur. Hec. 992, εἰ τῆς τεκούσης τῆσδε μέμνηταί τί μου. ἔτι is weak.

1402. mvp-comment-781-1 ὑμίν Dative of remote refer- ence='In which you were concerned.' See Essay on Language § 13. p. 19. With what deeds I affrighted you, and then came here to find what fortune!

1403. mvp-comment-782-1 For ἔπρασσον, which is less active than δράσας supr., cp. Aj. 1420 ὅ τι πράξει. ὦ γάμοι] This fresh outburst is occasioned by the mention of his Theban fortune. For the plurals in this and the following lines, expressing strong feeling, see Essay on Language § 20. p. 30.

1404-1405. mvp-comment-783-1 πάλιν | ἀνεῖτε ταὐτὸν σπέρμα Gave birth a second time to the same seed. Cp. Aesch. S c. T. 413, σπαρτῶν ἀπ᾿ ἀνδρῶν ῥίζωμ' ἀνεῖται : supra 270-271, μήτ᾽ ἄροτον αὐτοῖς *γῆς ἀνιέναι τινά, μήτ᾽ οὖν γυναικῶν παῖδας.

1406. mvp-comment-784-1 αἷμ᾿ ἐμφύλιον can only mean murder of kin. Cp. O. C. 407, τοὔμφυλον αἷμα. The marriage of Laius and Jocasta had led to the parricide, in accordance with the oracle.

1409. mvp-comment-785-1 Either (1) We may not speak of things it is not honourable to do, or (2) taking καλόν twice, It is not honourable to speak of things which it is not honourable to do.

1411. mvp-comment-786-1 θαλάσσιον i. e. εἰς θάλασσαν. Essay on Language § 23. p. 39. Cp. supra 196-197.

1413. mvp-comment-787-1 ἀξιώσατ᾿ ἀνδρὸς ἀθλίου θιγεῖν Cp. Τr. 797, πρόσελθε, μὴ φύγῃς τοὐμὸν κακόν.

1415. mvp-comment-788-1 Fear not; my woes are such as none but I can bear;' i. e. I bear an incommunicable sorrow, which you therefore need not fear to share by contact with me. It is too heavy, and also too peculiar, for others to partake. Cp. Phil. 536-537, οἶμαι γὰρ οὐδ᾽ ἂν ὄμμασιν μόνην θέαν | ἄλλον λαβόντα πλὴν ἐμοῦ τλῆναι τάδε: Shak. King John, 3. 1, 'My grief's so great | That no supporter but the huge firm earth | Can hold it up.'

1416. mvp-comment-789-1 ὧν ἐπαιτεῖς i. e. τούτων (genitive of respect) ἃ ἐπαιτεῖς.

1417. mvp-comment-790-1 τὸ πράσσειν For the article with the epexegetical infinitive, cp. El. 1030, μακρὸς τὸ κρίναι ταῦτα χώ λοιπὸς χρόνος. Essay on Language § 33. p. 58.

1420. mvp-comment-791-1 πίστις is here used in the later meaning of persuasive argument. Cp. Ar. Rhet. 1. 1-11. What assurance of mine will appear true?' Oedipus is humiliated and softened. Cp. Shak. Lear, 4. 3.

.. The poor distressed Lear, by no means.. | Will see his daugh ter.. A sovereign shame so elbows him,.. his own unkindness .. these things sting | His mind so venomously, that burning shame | Detains him from Cordelia.
1424. Creon, after briefly re-assuring Oedipus, turns abruptly to the attend. ants, whom he reproaches with not leading Oedipus within-doors. This is natural and characteristic, though it has given offence to several critics. Cp. Shak. Macbeth, 2. 3, And when we have our naked frailties hid, | That suffer in exposure, let us meet, | And question this most bloody piece of work, To know it further.