Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, Lewis Campbell (Translator), 3

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OED
58

Ye touch me to the core. Full well I know

Your trouble and your desire. Think not, my sons,

I have no feeling of your misery!
60

Yet none of you hath heaviness like mine.

Your grief is held within the single breast

Of each man severally. My burdened heart

Mourns for myself, for Thebè, and for you.

Your coming hath not roused me from repose:
65

I have watched, and bitterly have wept; my mind

Hath travelled many a labyrinth of thought.

And now I have tried in act the only plan

Long meditation showed me. I have sent

The brother of my queen, Menoeceus’ son,
70

Creon, to learn, in Phoebus’ Delphian Hall,

What word or deed of mine may save this city.

And when I count the time, I am full of pain

To guess his speed; for he is absent long,

Beyond the limit of expectancy.
75

But when he shall appear, base then were I

In aught to disobey the voice of Heaven.

Oedipus Tyrannus. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)

Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 3 focus

ἱκτηρίοις κλάδοισιν ἐξεστεμμένοι;

Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 1-150 focus

Οἰδίπους

ὦ τέκνα, Κάδμου τοῦ πάλαι νέα τροφή,
1

τίνας ποθʼ ἕδρας τάσδε μοι θοάζετε

ἱκτηρίοις κλάδοισιν ἐξεστεμμένοι;

πόλις δʼ ὁμοῦ μὲν θυμιαμάτων γέμει,

ὁμοῦ δὲ παιάνων τε καὶ στεναγμάτων·
5

ἁγὼ δικαιῶν μὴ παρʼ ἀγγέλων, τέκνα,

ἄλλων ἀκούειν αὐτὸς ὧδʼ ἐλήλυθα,

ὁ πᾶσι κλεινὸς Οἰδίπους καλούμενος.

ἀλλʼ ὦ γεραιέ, φράζʼ, ἐπεὶ πρέπων ἔφυς

πρὸ τῶνδε φωνεῖν, τίνι τρόπῳ καθέστατε,
10

δείσαντες ἢ στέρξαντες; ὡς θέλοντος ἂν

ἐμοῦ προσαρκεῖν πᾶν· δυσάλγητος γὰρ ἂν

εἴην τοιάνδε μὴ οὐ κατοικτίρων ἕδραν.

Ἱερεύς

ἀλλʼ ὦ κρατύνων Οἰδίπους χώρας ἐμῆς,

ὁρᾷς μὲν ἡμᾶς ἡλίκοι προσήμεθα
15

βωμοῖσι τοῖς σοῖς· οἱ μὲν οὐδέπω μακρὰν

πτέσθαι σθένοντες, οἱ δὲ σὺν γήρᾳ βαρεῖς,

ἱερῆς, ἐγὼ μὲν Ζηνός, οἵδε τʼ ᾐθέων

λεκτοί· τὸ δʼ ἄλλο φῦλον ἐξεστεμμένον

ἀγοραῖσι θακεῖ πρός τε Παλλάδος διπλοῖς
20

ναοῖς, ἐπʼ Ἰσμηνοῦ τε μαντείᾳ σποδῷ.

πόλις γάρ, ὥσπερ καὐτὸς εἰσορᾷς, ἄγαν

ἤδη σαλεύει κἀνακουφίσαι κάρα

βυθῶν ἔτʼ οὐχ οἵα τε φοινίου σάλου,

φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν ἐγκάρποις χθονός,
25

φθίνουσα δʼ ἀγέλαις βουνόμοις τόκοισί τε

ἀγόνοις γυναικῶν· ἐν δʼ ὁ πυρφόρος θεὸς

σκήψας ἐλαύνει, λοιμὸς ἔχθιστος, πόλιν,

ὑφʼ οὗ κενοῦται δῶμα Καδμεῖον, μέλας δʼ

Ἅιδης στεναγμοῖς καὶ γόοις πλουτίζεται.
30

θεοῖσι μέν νυν οὐκ ἰσούμενόν σʼ ἐγὼ

οὐδʼ οἵδε παῖδες ἑζόμεσθʼ ἐφέστιοι,

ἀνδρῶν δὲ πρῶτον ἔν τε συμφοραῖς βίου

κρίνοντες ἔν τε δαιμόνων συναλλαγαῖς·

ὅς γʼ ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ Καδμεῖον μολὼν
35

σκληρᾶς ἀοιδοῦ δασμὸν ὃν παρείχομεν,

καὶ ταῦθʼ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον

οὐδʼ ἐκδιδαχθείς, ἀλλὰ προσθήκῃ θεοῦ

λέγει νομίζει θʼ ἡμὶν ὀρθῶσαι βίον·

νῦν τʼ, ὦ κράτιστον πᾶσιν Οἰδίπου κάρα,
40

ἱκετεύομέν σε πάντες οἵδε πρόστροποι

ἀλκήν τινʼ εὑρεῖν ἡμίν, εἴτε του θεῶν

φήμην ἀκούσας εἴτʼ ἀπʼ ἀνδρὸς οἶσθά του·

ὡς τοῖσιν ἐμπείροισι καὶ τὰς ξυμφορὰς

ζώσας ὁρῶ μάλιστα τῶν βουλευμάτων.
45

ἴθʼ, ὦ βροτῶν ἄριστʼ, ἀνόρθωσον πόλιν,

ἴθʼ, εὐλαβήθηθʼ· ὡς σὲ νῦν μὲν ἥδε γῆ

σωτῆρα κλῄζει τῆς πάρος προθυμίας·

ἀρχῆς δὲ τῆς σῆς μηδαμῶς μεμνώμεθα

στάντες τʼ ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον.
50

ἀλλʼ ἀσφαλείᾳ τήνδʼ ἀνόρθωσον πόλιν·

ὄρνιθι γὰρ καὶ τὴν τότʼ αἰσίῳ τύχην

παρέσχες ἡμῖν, καὶ τανῦν ἴσος γενοῦ.

ὡς εἴπερ ἄρξεις τῆσδε γῆς, ὥσπερ κρατεῖς,

ξὺν ἀνδράσιν κάλλιον ἢ κενῆς κρατεῖν·
55

ὡς οὐδέν ἐστιν οὔτε πύργος οὔτε ναῦς

ἔρημος ἀνδρῶν μὴ ξυνοικούντων ἔσω.

Οἰδίπους

ὦ παῖδες οἰκτροί, γνωτὰ κοὐκ ἄγνωτά μοι

προσήλθεθʼ ἱμείροντες· εὖ γὰρ οἶδʼ ὅτι

νοσεῖτε πάντες, καὶ νοσοῦντες, ὡς ἐγὼ
60

οὐκ ἔστιν ὑμῶν ὅστις ἐξ ἴσου νοσεῖ.

τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὑμῶν ἄλγος εἰς ἕνʼ ἔρχεται

μόνον καθʼ αὑτὸν κοὐδένʼ ἄλλον, ἡ δʼ ἐμὴ

ψυχὴ πόλιν τε κἀμὲ καὶ σʼ ὁμοῦ στένει.

ὥστʼ οὐχ ὕπνῳ γʼ εὕδοντά μʼ ἐξεγείρετε,
65

ἀλλʼ ἴστε πολλὰ μέν με δακρύσαντα δή,

πολλὰς δʼ ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα φροντίδος πλάνοις·

ἣν δʼ εὖ σκοπῶν ηὕρισκον ἴασιν μόνην,

ταύτην ἔπραξα· παῖδα γὰρ Μενοικέως

Κρέοντʼ, ἐμαυτοῦ γαμβρόν, ἐς τὰ Πυθικὰ
70

ἔπεμψα Φοίβου δώμαθʼ, ὡς πύθοιθʼ ὅ τι

δρῶν ἢ τί φωνῶν τήνδε ῥυσαίμην πόλιν.

καί μʼ ἦμαρ ἤδη ξυμμετρούμενον χρόνῳ

λυπεῖ τί πράσσει· τοῦ γὰρ εἰκότος πέρα

ἄπεστι πλείω τοῦ καθήκοντος χρόνου.
75

ὅταν δʼ ἵκηται, τηνικαῦτʼ ἐγὼ κακὸς

μὴ δρῶν ἂν εἴην πάνθʼ ὅσʼ ἂν δηλοῖ θεός.

Ἱερεύς

ἀλλʼ εἰς καλὸν σύ τʼ εἶπας οἵδε τʼ ἀρτίως

Κρέοντα προσστείχοντα σημαίνουσί μοι.

Οἰδίπους

ὦναξ Ἄπολλον, εἰ γὰρ ἐν τύχῃ γέ τῳ
80

σωτῆρι βαίη λαμπρὸς ὥσπερ ὄμματι

Ἱερεύς

ἀλλʼ εἰκάσαι μέν, ἡδύς· οὐ γὰρ ἂν κάρα

πολυστεφὴς ὧδʼ εἷρπε παγκάρπου δάφνης.

Οἰδίπους

τάχʼ εἰσόμεσθα· ξύμμετρος γὰρ ὡς κλύειν.

ἄναξ, ἐμὸν κήδευμα, παῖ Μενοικέως,
85

τίνʼ ἡμὶν ἥκεις τοῦ θεοῦ φήμην φέρων;

Κρέων

ἐσθλήν· λέγω γὰρ καὶ τὰ δύσφορʼ, εἰ τύχοι

κατʼ ὀρθὸν ἐξελθόντα, πάντʼ ἂν εὐτυχεῖν.

Οἰδίπους

ἔστιν δὲ ποῖον τοὔπος; οὔτε γὰρ θρασὺς

οὔτʼ οὖν προδείσας εἰμὶ τῷ γε νῦν λόγῳ.
90

Κρέων

εἰ τῶνδε χρῄζεις πλησιαζόντων κλύειν,

ἕτοιμος εἰπεῖν, εἴτε καὶ στείχειν ἔσω.

Οἰδίπους

ἐς πάντας αὔδα· τῶνδε γὰρ πλέον φέρω

τὸ πένθος ἢ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς πέρι.

Κρέων

λέγοιμʼ ἂν οἷʼ ἤκουσα τοῦ θεοῦ πάρα.
95

ἄνωγεν ἡμᾶς Φοῖβος ἐμφανῶς ἄναξ

μίασμα χώρας, ὡς τεθραμμένον χθονὶ

ἐν τῇδʼ, ἐλαύνειν μηδʼ ἀνήκεστον τρέφειν.

Οἰδίπους

ποίῳ καθαρμῷ; τίς ὁ τρόπος τῆς ξυμφορᾶς;

Κρέων

ἀνδρηλατοῦντας ἢ φόνῳ φόνον πάλιν
100

λύοντας, ὡς τόδʼ αἷμα χειμάζον πόλιν.

102

Οἰδίπους

ποίου γὰρ ἀνδρὸς τήνδε μηνύει τύχην;

Κρέων

ἦν ἡμίν, ὦναξ, Λάϊός ποθʼ ἡγεμὼν

γῆς τῆσδε, πρὶν σὲ τήνδʼ ἀπευθύνειν πόλιν.

Οἰδίπους

ἔξοιδʼ ἀκούων· οὐ γὰρ εἰσεῖδόν γέ πω.
105

Κρέων

τούτου θανόντος νῦν ἐπιστέλλει σαφῶς

τοὺς αὐτοέντας χειρὶ τιμωρεῖν τινας.

Οἰδίπους

οἳ δʼ εἰσὶ ποῦ γῆς; ποῦ τόδʼ εὑρεθήσεται

ἴχνος παλαιᾶς δυστέκμαρτον αἰτίας;

Κρέων

ἐν τῇδʼ ἔφασκε γῇ· τὸ δὲ ζητούμενον
110

ἁλωτόν, ἐκφεύγειν δὲ τἀμελούμενον.

Οἰδίπους

πότερα δʼ ἐν οἴκοις ἢ ʼν ἀγροῖς ὁ Λάϊος

ἢ γῆς ἐπʼ ἄλλης τῷδε συμπίπτει φόνῳ;

Κρέων

θεωρός, ὡς ἔφασκεν, ἐκδημῶν, πάλιν

πρὸς οἶκον οὐκέθʼ ἵκεθʼ, ὡς ἀπεστάλη.
115

Οἰδίπους

οὐδʼ ἄγγελός τις οὐδὲ συμπράκτωρ ὁδοῦ

κατεῖδʼ, ὅτου τις ἐκμαθὼν ἐχρήσατʼ ἄν;

Κρέων

θνῄσκουσι γάρ, πλὴν εἷς τις, ὃς φόβῳ, φυγὼν

ὧν εἶδε πλὴν ἓν οὐδὲν εἶχʼ εἰδὼς φράσαι.

Οἰδίπους

τὸ ποῖον; ἓν γὰρ πόλλʼ ἂν ἐξεύροι μαθεῖν,
120

ἀρχὴν βραχεῖαν εἰ λάβοιμεν ἐλπίδος.

Κρέων

λῃστὰς ἔφασκε συντυχόντας οὐ μιᾷ

ῥώμῃ κτανεῖν νιν, ἀλλὰ σὺν πλήθει χερῶν.

Οἰδίπους

πῶς οὖν ὁ λῃστής, εἴ τι μὴ ξὺν ἀργύρῳ

ἐπράσσετʼ ἐνθένδʼ, ἐς τόδʼ ἂν τόλμης ἔβη;
125

Κρέων

δοκοῦντα ταῦτʼ ἦν· Λαΐου δʼ ὀλωλότος

οὐδεὶς ἀρωγὸς ἐν κακοῖς ἐγίγνετο.

Οἰδίπους

κακὸν δὲ ποῖον ἐμποδών, τυραννίδος

οὕτω πεσούσης, εἶργε τοῦτʼ ἐξειδέναι;

Κρέων

ἡ ποικιλῳδὸς Σφὶγξ τὸ πρὸς ποσὶν σκοπεῖν
130

μεθέντας ἡμᾶς τἀφανῆ προσήγετο.

132

Οἰδίπους

ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὑπαρχῆς αὖθις αὔτʼ ἐγὼ φανῶ·

ἐπαξίως γὰρ Φοῖβος, ἀξίως δὲ σὺ

πρὸ τοῦ θανόντος τήνδʼ ἔθεσθʼ ἐπιστροφήν·

ὥστʼ ἐνδίκως ὄψεσθε κἀμὲ σύμμαχον
135

γῇ τῇδε τιμωροῦντα τῷ θεῷ θʼ ἅμα.

ὑπὲρ γὰρ οὐχὶ τῶν ἀπωτέρω φίλων,

ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ τοῦτʼ ἀποσκεδῶ μύσος.

ὅστις γὰρ ἦν ἐκεῖνον ὁ κτανών, τάχʼ ἂν

κἄμʼ ἂν τοιαύτῃ χειρὶ τιμωροῦνθʼ ἕλοι.
140

κείνῳ προσαρκῶν οὖν ἐμαυτὸν ὠφελῶ.

ἀλλʼ ὡς τάχιστα, παῖδες, ὑμεῖς μὲν βάθρων

ἵστασθε, τούσδʼ ἄραντες ἱκτῆρας κλάδους,

ἄλλος δὲ Κάδμου λαὸν ὧδʼ ἀθροιζέτω,

ὡς πᾶν ἐμοῦ δράσοντος· ἢ γὰρ εὐτυχεῖς
145

σὺν τῷ θεῷ φανούμεθʼ ἢ πεπτωκότες.

Ἱερεύς

ὦ παῖδες, ἱστώμεσθα· τῶνδε γὰρ χάριν

καὶ δεῦρʼ ἔβημεν ὧν ὅδʼ ἐξαγγέλλεται.

Φοῖβος δʼ ὁ πέμψας τάσδε μαντείας ἅμα

σωτήρ δʼ ἵκοιτο καὶ νόσου παυστήριος.
150

Translations (4)

German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 1 focus

Kinder, ihr, des alten Kadmos neuer Stamm,¹²³
1

Weßhalb erscheint ihr lagernd auf den Stufen hier,

Geschmückt mit Zweigen als die Hülfeflehenden?⁴

Erfüllt von Opferdüften ist die ganze Stadt,

Erfüllt von Bittgesängen und von Klageruf.
5

Hierüber wollt' ich Kunde nicht durch Boten erst

Vernehmen, Kinder; darum trat ich selbst heraus,

Ich, Dedipus, von Allen weit mit Ruhm genannt.

(zu dem Oberpriester)

So sage du mir, Alter, weil es dir geziemt,

Für die das Wort zu führen: was trieb euch hieher?
10

War's eine Sorge, war's ein Wunsch? Gern möcht' ich euch

Beisteh'n in Allem, und gefühllos wär' ich ja,

Erweckte solches Flehen nicht Mitleid in mir.

Der Oberpriester.

English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 3 focus

Priest
14

O king ! thy words

; Are gracious, and if right these youths inform

me,

Creon is here.

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 3 focus

Oedipus
78cont2

O my lamented sons, for ills well known

To me you seek redress; I know that grief

Hangs heavy on you all, but most on me:

His private sufferings each bewails; but I

Mourn for the city, for myself, and you.
85

I want no voice to rouse me; many tears
85

These eyes have pour'd, with many anxious thoughts
85

My breast has labour'd, tracing various ways

For your relief. That, which alone could give

Hope of success, I follow'd; I have sent

English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 1-150 focus

Before the palace of Oedipus in Thebes . Suppliants of all ages are seated on the steps of the altars. Oedipus enters, in the robes of a king: for a moment he gazes silently on the groups at the altars, then speaks.

Oedipus

My children, latest-born wards of old Cadmus, why do you sit before me like this with wreathed branches of suppliants, while the city reeks with incense,
1

rings with prayers for health and cries of woe? I thought it unbefitting, my children, to hear these things from the mouths of others, and have come here myself, I, Oedipus renowned by all. Tell me, then, venerable old man—since it is proper that you
5

speak for these—in what mood you sit here, one of fear or of desire? Be sure that I will gladly give you all my help. I would be hard-hearted indeed if I did not pity such suppliants as these.
10

Priest of Zeus

Oedipus, ruler of my land, you see the age of those who sit

on your altars—some, nestlings still too tender for flight, others, bowed with age, priests, like me of Zeus, and some, these here, the chosen youth. The rest of the folk sit
15

with wreathed branches in the market-place, and before the shrines of Pallas, and where Ismenus gives answer by fire. For the city, as you yourself see, is now sorely vexed, and can no longer lift her head from beneath the angry waves of death.
20

A blight has fallen on the fruitful blossoms of the land, the herds among the pastures, the barren pangs of women. And the flaming god, the malign plague, has swooped upon us, and ravages the town: he lays waste to the house of Cadmus, but enriches Hades with
25

groans and tears. It is not because we rank you with the gods that I and these children are suppliants at your hearth, but because we deem you the first among men in life’s common fortunes and in dealings with the divinities:
30

when you came to the city of the Cadmeans, you freed us from the tax that we rendered to the hard songstress, and that when you knew no more than anyone else, nor had you been taught, but rather by the assistance of a god, as the story goes, you uplifted our life.
35

Now, Oedipus, king glorious in our eyes, we, your suppliants, beseech you to find some defence for us, whether you hear it from some divine omen, or learn of it from some mortal. For I see that the outcome of the councils of experienced men
40

most often have effect. On, best of mortals, uplift our state! On, guard your fame, since now this land calls you savior on account of your former zeal. Let us not remember of your reign that
45

we were first restored and then cast down: lift this state so that it falls no more! With good omen you provided us that past happiness: show yourself the same now too, since if you are to rule this land just as you do now, it is better to be lord of men than of a wasteland.
50

Neither walled town nor ship is anything, if it is empty and no men dwell within.
55

Oedipus

My piteous children, I know quite well the desires with which you have come: I know well that

you all are sick, and though you are sick I know well that there is not one of you who is as sick as I. Your pain comes on each of you for himself alone, and for no other, but my soul is in pain at once for the city, for myself, and for you.
60

Thus you are not awakening me from sleep: no, be sure that I have wept many tears, wandered far and wide in my thought. I have made use of the only remedy which I could find after close consideration: I sent my relative
65

Creon, Menoeceus’ son, to Apollo’s Pythian residence to learn what we might do or say to protect this city. And now, when the lapse of days is reckoned, I am troubled about what he is doing, for he has been away an unreasonably long time
70

beyond what is fitting. But when he arrives, I would be no true man if did not perform all that the god reveals.
75

Priest

You have spoken opportunely, since at this time these people here indicate that Creon is drawing near.

Oedipus

Lord Apollo, may he come to us in the brightness of saving fortune, even as his face is bright!
80

Priest

He seems to bring comfort, since otherwise he would not be coming crowned so thickly with berry-laden bay.

Oedipus

We will soon know: he is within hearing-range.

To Creon.

Prince, my kinsman, child of Menoeceus, what news have you brought us from the god?
85

Creon

Good news. I tell you that even troubles hard to bear will end in perfect peace if they find the right issue.

Oedipus

But what is the oracle ? So far, your words

neither encourage nor frighten me.
90

Creon

If you want to hear in the presence of these people, I am ready to speak: otherwise we can go inside.

Oedipus

Speak to all. The sorrow that I bear for these is more than for my own life.

Creon

I will tell you what I heard from the god. Phoebus our lord clearly commands us to drive out the defilement which he said was harbored in this land, and not to nourish it so that it cannot be healed.
95

Oedipus

With what sort of purification? What is the manner of the misfortune?

Creon

By banishing the man, or by paying back bloodshed with bloodshed, since it is this blood which brings the tempest on our city.
100

102

Oedipus

And who is the man whose fate he thus reveals?

Creon

Laius, my lord, was the leader of our land before you assumed control of this state.

Oedipus

I know it well—by hearsay, for I never saw him.
105

Creon

He was slain, and the god now bids us to take vengeance on his murderers, whoever they are.

Oedipus

Where on earth are they? Where shall the dim track of this old crime be found?

Creon

In this land, the god said. What is sought for can be caught; only that which is not watched escapes.
110

Oedipus

Was it in the house, or in the field, or on foreign soil that Laius met his bloody end?

Creon

He left our land, as he said, on a mission to Delphi .

And once he had set forth, he never again returned.
115

Oedipus

And was there none to tell? Was there no travelling companion who saw the deed, from whom tidings might have been gained, and used?

Creon

All perished, save one who fled in fear, and he could tell with assurance only one thing of all that he saw.

Oedipus

And what was that? One thing might hold the clue to many, if we could only get a small beginning for hope.
120

Creon

He said that robbers fell upon them, not one man alone, but with a great force.

Oedipus

How then, unless some intrigue had been worked with bribes

from here in Thebes , would the robbers have been so bold?
125

Creon

Such things were surmised. But once Laius was slain no avenger arose in the midst of our troubles.

Oedipus

But when royalty had fallen in this way, what trouble prevented a full search?

Creon

The riddling Sphinx had forced us to let things that were obscure go, and to investigate the pressing trouble.
130

132

Oedipus

I will start afresh, and once more make dark things plain. Worthily has Phoebus Apollo—and worthily have you—bestowed this care on behalf of the dead. And so, as is fitting, you will find me allied with you

in seeking vengeance for this land, and for the god as well. I will dispel this taint not on behalf of far-off friends, but for my own benefit. For whoever killed Laius
135

might wish to take vengeance on me also with a hand as fierce. Avenging Laius, therefore, I serve myself. Come, my children, as quickly as possible rise from the altar-steps, and lift these suppliant boughs. Let someone summon here Cadmus’ people, warning them that I will leave nothing untried.
140

For with the god’s help our good fortune—or our ruin—will be made certain.
145

Priest

My children, let us rise. What we came to seek, this man promises of his own accord. And may Phoebus, who sent these oracles,

come to us as savior and deliverer from the pestilence.
150

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-45-1 γνωτὰ κοὐκ ἀγνῶτα ¹

mvp-comment-46-1 νοσοῦντες … νοσεῖ ²

mvp-comment-47-1 εἰς ἕν’ … μόνον καθ’ αὑτόν ³

mvp-comment-48-1 πόλιν τε κἀμὲ καὶ σ’ ⁴

mvp-comment-49-1 The modal dat. ὕπνῳ ⁵

mvp-comment-50-1 πλάνοις ⁶

mvp-comment-51-1 ηὕρισκον ⁷

mvp-comment-52-1 ταύτην ἔπραξα ⁸

mvp-comment-53-1 Φοίβου … ὅ τι δρῶν … τί φωνῶν ⁹

mvp-comment-54-1 δρῶν ἢ … φωνῶν ¹⁰

mvp-comment-54-2 ῥυσαίμην ¹¹

mvp-comment-55-1 καί μ’ ἦμαρ … χρόνῳ ¹² ἤδη ¹³ χρόνῳ ¹⁴ ξυμμετρούμενον ¹⁵

mvp-comment-56-1 λυπεῖ τί πράσσει ¹⁶ τοῦ γὰρ εἰκότος πέρα ¹⁷

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

58. mvp-comment-43-1 Oedipus is full of anxiety, not for himself, but for his people, whose sorrows he bears. In his care for them he has sent Creon to consult the oracle, and now looks impatiently for his return. In a sense of which he is ignorant, his woe is indeed greater than the people's woe, and the plan which he has chosen as the only cure will bring the curse on him.

58. mvp-comment-43-2 ὦ παῖδες οἰκτροί O my poor children. The unusual position of the adjective gives a pathetic emphasis. See Essay on Language § 23. P. 37.

60. mvp-comment-44-1 νοσοῦντες is the real subject of the sentence, but the construction is changed for the sake of the emphatic phrase οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις, See Essay on Language § 15. p. 21. In ὡς ἐγώ and ἐξ ἴσου there is a confusion of οὕτως ὡς ἐγώ and ἐξ ἴσου ἐμοί: i.e. ἐξ ἴσου is substituted for οὕτως. And although you are sick at heart, the sickness of none of you is equal to mine.

65. mvp-comment-45-1 ὕπνῳ γ' εὔδοντα When taking rest in sleep. The redundancy (as in Ο. C. 306, βραδὺς εὕδει), is no objection to the reading. The repetition is emphatic. I am not asleep, and you do not rouse me from slumber. For this pleonasm as well as for the present participle, cp. Τr. 175, ὥσθ᾽ ἡδέως εὕδουσαν ἐκπηδᾶν ἐμὲ | φύβῳ, φίλαι, ταρβοῦσαν: also (for the participle) ib. 1163, ζῶντά μ᾽ ἔκτεινεν. Ε. on L. § 4. 5. p. 75.

67. mvp-comment-46-1 'And have traversed many paths in the wanderings of thought.' Cp. Hdt. 3. 156, πάσας τὰς διεξόδους τῶν βουλευμάτων. The gloss of the Schol., ἀντὶ τοῦ πλάναις θηλυκῶς, confirms the reading πλάνοις.

68. mvp-comment-47-1 That which on careful consideration I found the only cure, I put in execution. Cp. Ar. Nub. 76.

71. mvp-comment-48-1 πύθοιθ Probably suggested by the sound of Πυθικά, but not an intentional play upon the word. Essay on Language § 44. p. 83.

72. mvp-comment-49-1 ῥυσαίμην Cp. Ant. 271-272, οὔθ' ὅπως δρῶντες καλῶς πράξαιμεν. The short syllable (in thesi) before the initial p is an Epic usage, but rare in tragedy. Cp. Aesch. S. c. Τ. 91, τίς ἄρα ῥύσεται;

73. mvp-comment-50-1 Lit. The day now measured by the course of time makes me anxious to know how he fares; i. e. When I think what day this is,' When I count the days. χρόνῳ, not the time of his absence but time generally. The comparative unfamiliarity of the abstract notion of time may account for the vagueness of the expression, which is supplemented in the two following lines. Each day is compared with an absolute standard of time. See Essay on L p. 91. For the intransitive sense of τί πράσσει, cp. Aj. 1418-1419, οὐδεὶς μάντις τῶν μελλόντων ὅ τι πράξει, and for the construction, ib. 794, ὥστε μ' ὠδίνειν, τί φής.

74-75. mvp-comment-51-1 The expression is redundant, so that ἄπεστι is joined at once with τοῦ εἰκότος πέρα and with πλείω τοῦ καθήκοντος χρόνου. The clause πλείω, κ.τ.λ., is added as an explanation of τοῦ γὰρ εἰκότος πέρα, and more fully expresses Oedipus' surprise at the continued absence of Creon. He is absent longer than he ought to be, beyond due measure.

77. mvp-comment-52-1 For κακὸς ἂν εἴην μὴ δρῶν, cp. Eur. Heracl. 282-283, μάτην.. ἥβην.. ἂν κεκτῴμεθα.. μή σε τιμωρούμενοι. Ε. on L p. 50.

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Ἱερεύς ἀλλʼ εἰς καλὸν σύ τʼ εἶπας οἵδε τʼ ἀρτίως Κρέοντα προσστείχοντα σημαίνουσί μοι.

Οἰδίπους ὦναξ Ἄπολλον, εἰ γὰρ ἐν τύχῃ γέ τῳ 80 σωτῆρι βαίη λαμπρὸς ὥσπερ ὄμματι

Ἱερεύς ἀλλʼ εἰκάσαι μέν, ἡδύς· οὐ γὰρ ἂν κάρα πολυστεφὴς ὧδʼ εἷρπε παγκάρπου δάφνης.

Οἰδίπους τάχʼ εἰσόμεσθα· ξύμμετρος γὰρ ὡς κλύειν. ἄναξ, ἐμὸν κήδευμα, παῖ Μενοικέως, 85 τίνʼ ἡμὶν ἥκεις τοῦ θεοῦ φήμην φέρων;

Κρέων ἐσθλήν· λέγω γὰρ καὶ τὰ δύσφορʼ, εἰ τύχοι κατʼ ὀρθὸν ἐξελθόντα, πάντʼ ἂν εὐτυχεῖν.

Οἰδίπους ἔστιν δὲ ποῖον τοὔπος; οὔτε γὰρ θρασὺς οὔτʼ οὖν προδείσας εἰμὶ τῷ γε νῦν λόγῳ. 90

Κρέων εἰ τῶνδε χρῄζεις πλησιαζόντων κλύειν, ἕτοιμος εἰπεῖν, εἴτε καὶ στείχειν ἔσω.

Οἰδίπους ἐς πάντας αὔδα· τῶνδε γὰρ πλέον φέρω τὸ πένθος ἢ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς πέρι.

Κρέων λέγοιμʼ ἂν οἷʼ ἤκουσα τοῦ θεοῦ πάρα. 95 ἄνωγεν ἡμᾶς Φοῖβος ἐμφανῶς ἄναξ μίασμα χώρας, ὡς τεθραμμένον χθονὶ ἐν τῇδʼ, ἐλαύνειν μηδʼ ἀνήκεστον τρέφειν.

Οἰδίπους ποίῳ καθαρμῷ; τίς ὁ τρόπος τῆς ξυμφορᾶς;

Κρέων ἀνδρηλατοῦντας ἢ φόνῳ φόνον πάλιν 100 λύοντας, ὡς τόδʼ αἷμα χειμάζον πόλιν.

Οἰδίπους ποίου γὰρ ἀνδρὸς τήνδε μηνύει τύχην;

Κρέων ἦν ἡμίν, ὦναξ, Λάϊός ποθʼ ἡγεμὼν γῆς τῆσδε, πρὶν σὲ τήνδʼ ἀπευθύνειν πόλιν.

Οἰδίπους ἔξοιδʼ ἀκούων· οὐ γὰρ εἰσεῖδόν γέ πω. 105

Κρέων τούτου θανόντος νῦν ἐπιστέλλει σαφῶς τοὺς αὐτοέντας χειρὶ τιμωρεῖν τινας.

Οἰδίπους οἳ δʼ εἰσὶ ποῦ γῆς; ποῦ τόδʼ εὑρεθήσεται ἴχνος παλαιᾶς δυστέκμαρτον αἰτίας;

Κρέων ἐν τῇδʼ ἔφασκε γῇ· τὸ δὲ ζητούμενον 110 ἁλωτόν, ἐκφεύγειν δὲ τἀμελούμενον.

Οἰδίπους πότερα δʼ ἐν οἴκοις ἢ ʼν ἀγροῖς ὁ Λάϊος ἢ γῆς ἐπʼ ἄλλης τῷδε συμπίπτει φόνῳ;

Κρέων θεωρός, ὡς ἔφασκεν, ἐκδημῶν, πάλιν πρὸς οἶκον οὐκέθʼ ἵκεθʼ, ὡς ἀπεστάλη. 115

Οἰδίπους οὐδʼ ἄγγελός τις οὐδὲ συμπράκτωρ ὁδοῦ κατεῖδʼ, ὅτου τις ἐκμαθὼν ἐχρήσατʼ ἄν;

Κρέων θνῄσκουσι γάρ, πλὴν εἷς τις, ὃς φόβῳ, φυγὼν ὧν εἶδε πλὴν ἓν οὐδὲν εἶχʼ εἰδὼς φράσαι.

Οἰδίπους τὸ ποῖον; ἓν γὰρ πόλλʼ ἂν ἐξεύροι μαθεῖν, 120 ἀρχὴν βραχεῖαν εἰ λάβοιμεν ἐλπίδος.

Κρέων λῃστὰς ἔφασκε συντυχόντας οὐ μιᾷ ῥώμῃ κτανεῖν νιν, ἀλλὰ σὺν πλήθει χερῶν.

Οἰδίπους πῶς οὖν ὁ λῃστής, εἴ τι μὴ ξὺν ἀργύρῳ ἐπράσσετʼ ἐνθένδʼ, ἐς τόδʼ ἂν τόλμης ἔβη; 125

Κρέων δοκοῦντα ταῦτʼ ἦν· Λαΐου δʼ ὀλωλότος οὐδεὶς ἀρωγὸς ἐν κακοῖς ἐγίγνετο.

Οἰδίπους κακὸν δὲ ποῖον ἐμποδών, τυραννίδος οὕτω πεσούσης, εἶργε τοῦτʼ ἐξειδέναι;

Κρέων ἡ ποικιλῳδὸς Σφὶγξ τὸ πρὸς ποσὶν σκοπεῖν 130 μεθέντας ἡμᾶς τἀφανῆ προσήγετο.

Der Oberpriester.

Priest 14 O king ! thy words ; Are gracious, and if right these youths inform me, Creon is here.

Priest You have spoken opportunely, since at this time these people here indicate that Creon is drawing near.

Oedipus Lord Apollo, may he come to us in the brightness of saving fortune, even as his face is bright! 80

Priest He seems to bring comfort, since otherwise he would not be coming crowned so thickly with berry-laden bay.

Oedipus We will soon know: he is within hearing-range. To Creon. Prince, my kinsman, child of Menoeceus, what news have you brought us from the god? 85

Creon Good news. I tell you that even troubles hard to bear will end in perfect peace if they find the right issue.

Oedipus But what is the oracle ? So far, your words neither encourage nor frighten me. 90

Creon If you want to hear in the presence of these people, I am ready to speak: otherwise we can go inside.

Oedipus Speak to all. The sorrow that I bear for these is more than for my own life.

Creon I will tell you what I heard from the god. Phoebus our lord clearly commands us to drive out the defilement which he said was harbored in this land, and not to nourish it so that it cannot be healed. 95

Oedipus With what sort of purification? What is the manner of the misfortune?

Creon By banishing the man, or by paying back bloodshed with bloodshed, since it is this blood which brings the tempest on our city. 100

Oedipus And who is the man whose fate he thus reveals?

Creon Laius, my lord, was the leader of our land before you assumed control of this state.

Oedipus I know it well—by hearsay, for I never saw him. 105

Creon He was slain, and the god now bids us to take vengeance on his murderers, whoever they are.

Oedipus Where on earth are they? Where shall the dim track of this old crime be found?

Creon In this land, the god said. What is sought for can be caught; only that which is not watched escapes. 110

Oedipus Was it in the house, or in the field, or on foreign soil that Laius met his bloody end?

Creon He left our land, as he said, on a mission to Delphi . And once he had set forth, he never again returned. 115

Oedipus And was there none to tell? Was there no travelling companion who saw the deed, from whom tidings might have been gained, and used?

Creon All perished, save one who fled in fear, and he could tell with assurance only one thing of all that he saw.

Oedipus And what was that? One thing might hold the clue to many, if we could only get a small beginning for hope. 120

Creon He said that robbers fell upon them, not one man alone, but with a great force.

Oedipus How then, unless some intrigue had been worked with bribes from here in Thebes , would the robbers have been so bold? 125

Creon Such things were surmised. But once Laius was slain no avenger arose in the midst of our troubles.

Oedipus But when royalty had fallen in this way, what trouble prevented a full search?

Creon The riddling Sphinx had forced us to let things that were obscure go, and to investigate the pressing trouble. 130

Priest My children, let us rise. What we came to seek, this man promises of his own accord. And may Phoebus, who sent these oracles, come to us as savior and deliverer from the pestilence. 150

Commentary

Stable identifiers

Ἱερεύς

ἀλλʼ εἰς καλὸν σύ τʼ εἶπας οἵδε τʼ ἀρτίως

Κρέοντα προσστείχοντα σημαίνουσί μοι.

Οἰδίπους

ὦναξ Ἄπολλον, εἰ γὰρ ἐν τύχῃ γέ τῳ
80

σωτῆρι βαίη λαμπρὸς ὥσπερ ὄμματι

Ἱερεύς

ἀλλʼ εἰκάσαι μέν, ἡδύς· οὐ γὰρ ἂν κάρα

πολυστεφὴς ὧδʼ εἷρπε παγκάρπου δάφνης.

Οἰδίπους

τάχʼ εἰσόμεσθα· ξύμμετρος γὰρ ὡς κλύειν.

ἄναξ, ἐμὸν κήδευμα, παῖ Μενοικέως,
85

τίνʼ ἡμὶν ἥκεις τοῦ θεοῦ φήμην φέρων;

Κρέων

ἐσθλήν· λέγω γὰρ καὶ τὰ δύσφορʼ, εἰ τύχοι

κατʼ ὀρθὸν ἐξελθόντα, πάντʼ ἂν εὐτυχεῖν.

Οἰδίπους

ἔστιν δὲ ποῖον τοὔπος; οὔτε γὰρ θρασὺς

οὔτʼ οὖν προδείσας εἰμὶ τῷ γε νῦν λόγῳ.
90

Κρέων

εἰ τῶνδε χρῄζεις πλησιαζόντων κλύειν,

ἕτοιμος εἰπεῖν, εἴτε καὶ στείχειν ἔσω.

Οἰδίπους

ἐς πάντας αὔδα· τῶνδε γὰρ πλέον φέρω

τὸ πένθος ἢ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς πέρι.

Οἰδίπους

ποίῳ καθαρμῷ; τίς ὁ τρόπος τῆς ξυμφορᾶς;

Κρέων

ἀνδρηλατοῦντας ἢ φόνῳ φόνον πάλιν
100

λύοντας, ὡς τόδʼ αἷμα χειμάζον πόλιν.

Οἰδίπους

ποίου γὰρ ἀνδρὸς τήνδε μηνύει τύχην;

Κρέων

ἦν ἡμίν, ὦναξ, Λάϊός ποθʼ ἡγεμὼν

γῆς τῆσδε, πρὶν σὲ τήνδʼ ἀπευθύνειν πόλιν.

Οἰδίπους

ἔξοιδʼ ἀκούων· οὐ γὰρ εἰσεῖδόν γέ πω.
105

Κρέων

τούτου θανόντος νῦν ἐπιστέλλει σαφῶς

τοὺς αὐτοέντας χειρὶ τιμωρεῖν τινας.

Οἰδίπους

οἳ δʼ εἰσὶ ποῦ γῆς; ποῦ τόδʼ εὑρεθήσεται

ἴχνος παλαιᾶς δυστέκμαρτον αἰτίας;

Κρέων

ἐν τῇδʼ ἔφασκε γῇ· τὸ δὲ ζητούμενον
110

ἁλωτόν, ἐκφεύγειν δὲ τἀμελούμενον.

Οἰδίπους

πότερα δʼ ἐν οἴκοις ἢ ʼν ἀγροῖς ὁ Λάϊος

ἢ γῆς ἐπʼ ἄλλης τῷδε συμπίπτει φόνῳ;

Κρέων

θεωρός, ὡς ἔφασκεν, ἐκδημῶν, πάλιν

πρὸς οἶκον οὐκέθʼ ἵκεθʼ, ὡς ἀπεστάλη.
115

Οἰδίπους

οὐδʼ ἄγγελός τις οὐδὲ συμπράκτωρ ὁδοῦ

κατεῖδʼ, ὅτου τις ἐκμαθὼν ἐχρήσατʼ ἄν;

Κρέων

θνῄσκουσι γάρ, πλὴν εἷς τις, ὃς φόβῳ, φυγὼν

ὧν εἶδε πλὴν ἓν οὐδὲν εἶχʼ εἰδὼς φράσαι.

Οἰδίπους

τὸ ποῖον; ἓν γὰρ πόλλʼ ἂν ἐξεύροι μαθεῖν,
120

ἀρχὴν βραχεῖαν εἰ λάβοιμεν ἐλπίδος.

Κρέων

λῃστὰς ἔφασκε συντυχόντας οὐ μιᾷ

ῥώμῃ κτανεῖν νιν, ἀλλὰ σὺν πλήθει χερῶν.

Οἰδίπους

πῶς οὖν ὁ λῃστής, εἴ τι μὴ ξὺν ἀργύρῳ

ἐπράσσετʼ ἐνθένδʼ, ἐς τόδʼ ἂν τόλμης ἔβη;
125

Κρέων

δοκοῦντα ταῦτʼ ἦν· Λαΐου δʼ ὀλωλότος

οὐδεὶς ἀρωγὸς ἐν κακοῖς ἐγίγνετο.

Οἰδίπους

κακὸν δὲ ποῖον ἐμποδών, τυραννίδος

οὕτω πεσούσης, εἶργε τοῦτʼ ἐξειδέναι;

Κρέων

ἡ ποικιλῳδὸς Σφὶγξ τὸ πρὸς ποσὶν σκοπεῖν
130

μεθέντας ἡμᾶς τἀφανῆ προσήγετο.

Priest
14

O king ! thy words

; Are gracious, and if right these youths inform

me,

Creon is here.

Priest

You have spoken opportunely, since at this time these people here indicate that Creon is drawing near.

Oedipus

Lord Apollo, may he come to us in the brightness of saving fortune, even as his face is bright!
80

Priest

He seems to bring comfort, since otherwise he would not be coming crowned so thickly with berry-laden bay.

Oedipus

We will soon know: he is within hearing-range.

To Creon.

Prince, my kinsman, child of Menoeceus, what news have you brought us from the god?
85

Creon

Good news. I tell you that even troubles hard to bear will end in perfect peace if they find the right issue.

Oedipus

But what is the oracle ? So far, your words

neither encourage nor frighten me.
90

Creon

If you want to hear in the presence of these people, I am ready to speak: otherwise we can go inside.

Oedipus

Speak to all. The sorrow that I bear for these is more than for my own life.

Creon

I will tell you what I heard from the god. Phoebus our lord clearly commands us to drive out the defilement which he said was harbored in this land, and not to nourish it so that it cannot be healed.
95

Oedipus

With what sort of purification? What is the manner of the misfortune?

Creon

By banishing the man, or by paying back bloodshed with bloodshed, since it is this blood which brings the tempest on our city.
100

Oedipus

And who is the man whose fate he thus reveals?

Creon

Laius, my lord, was the leader of our land before you assumed control of this state.

Oedipus

I know it well—by hearsay, for I never saw him.
105

Creon

He was slain, and the god now bids us to take vengeance on his murderers, whoever they are.

Oedipus

Where on earth are they? Where shall the dim track of this old crime be found?

Creon

In this land, the god said. What is sought for can be caught; only that which is not watched escapes.
110

Oedipus

Was it in the house, or in the field, or on foreign soil that Laius met his bloody end?

Creon

He left our land, as he said, on a mission to Delphi .

And once he had set forth, he never again returned.
115

Oedipus

And was there none to tell? Was there no travelling companion who saw the deed, from whom tidings might have been gained, and used?

Creon

All perished, save one who fled in fear, and he could tell with assurance only one thing of all that he saw.

Oedipus

And what was that? One thing might hold the clue to many, if we could only get a small beginning for hope.
120

Creon

He said that robbers fell upon them, not one man alone, but with a great force.

Oedipus

How then, unless some intrigue had been worked with bribes

from here in Thebes , would the robbers have been so bold?
125

Creon

Such things were surmised. But once Laius was slain no avenger arose in the midst of our troubles.

Oedipus

But when royalty had fallen in this way, what trouble prevented a full search?

Creon

The riddling Sphinx had forced us to let things that were obscure go, and to investigate the pressing trouble.
130

Priest

My children, let us rise. What we came to seek, this man promises of his own accord. And may Phoebus, who sent these oracles,

come to us as savior and deliverer from the pestilence.
150