Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus, ed. Lewis Campbell, 501

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κρίσις οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής· σοφίᾳ δ᾽ ἂν σοφίαν

Oedipus Tyrannus. Sophocles. ed. Lewis Campbell. Oxford. 1879.

Current edition Experimental

Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Greek) (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)

Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 513-648 focus

Κρέων

ἄνδρες πολῖται, δείνʼ ἔπη πεπυσμένος

κατηγορεῖν μου τὸν τύραννον Οἰδίπουν,

πάρειμʼ ἀτλητῶν. εἰ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ξυμφοραῖς
515

ταῖς νῦν νομίζει πρός γʼ ἐμοῦ πεπονθέναι

λόγοισιν εἴτʼ ἔργοισιν εἰς βλάβην φέρον,

οὔτοι βίου μοι τοῦ μακραίωνος πόθος,

φέροντι τήνδε βάξιν. οὐ γὰρ εἰς ἁπλοῦν

ἡ ζημία μοι τοῦ λόγου τούτου φέρει,
520

ἀλλʼ ἐς μέγιστον, εἰ κακὸς μὲν ἐν πόλει,

κακὸς δὲ πρὸς σοῦ καὶ φίλων κεκλήσομαι.

Χορός

ἀλλʼ ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχʼ ἂν

ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν.

Κρέων

τοὔπος δʼ ἐφάνθη, ταῖς ἐμαῖς γνώμαις ὅτι
525

πεισθεὶς ὁ μάντις τοὺς λόγους ψευδεῖς λέγοι;

Χορός

ηὐδᾶτο μὲν τάδʼ, οἶδα δʼ οὐ γνώμῃ τίνι.

Κρέων

ἐξ ὀμμάτων δʼ ὀρθῶν τε κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενὸς

κατηγορεῖτο τοὐπίκλημα τοῦτό μου;

Χορός

οὐκ οἶδʼ· ἃ γὰρ δρῶσʼ, οἱ κρατοῦντες οὐχ ὁρῶ.
530

αὐτὸς δʼ ὅδʼ ἤδη δωμάτων ἔξω περᾷ.

Οἰδίπους

οὗτος σύ, πῶς δεῦρʼ ἦλθες; ἦ τοσόνδʼ ἔχεις

τόλμης πρόσωπον ὥστε τὰς ἐμὰς στέγας

ἵκου, φονεὺς ὢν τοῦδε τἀνδρὸς ἐμφανῶς

λῃστής τʼ ἐναργὴς τῆς ἐμῆς τυραννίδος;
535

φέρʼ εἰπὲ πρὸς θεῶν, δειλίαν ἢ μωρίαν

ἰδών τινʼ ἔν μοι ταῦτʼ ἐβουλεύσω ποεῖν;

ἢ τοὔργον ὡς οὐ γνωριοῖμί σου τόδε

δόλῳ προσέρπον ἢ οὐκ ἀλεξοίμην μαθών;

ἆρʼ οὐχὶ μῶρόν ἐστι τοὐγχείρημά σου,
540

ἄνευ τε πλήθους καὶ φίλων τυραννίδα

θηρᾶν, ὃ πλήθει χρήμασίν θʼ ἁλίσκεται;

543

Κρέων

οἶσθʼ ὡς πόησον; ἀντὶ τῶν εἰρημένων

ἴσʼ ἀντάκουσον, κᾆτα κρῖνʼ αὐτὸς μαθών.

Οἰδίπους

λέγειν σὺ δεινός, μανθάνειν δʼ ἐγὼ κακὸς
545

σοῦ· δυσμενῆ γὰρ καὶ βαρύν σʼ ηὕρηκʼ ἐμοί.

Κρέων

τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ νῦν μου πρῶτʼ ἄκουσον ὡς ἐρῶ.

Οἰδίπους

τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζʼ, ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός.

Κρέων

εἴ τοι νομίζεις κτῆμα τὴν αὐθαδίαν

εἶναί τι τοῦ νοῦ χωρίς, οὐκ ὀρθῶς φρονεῖς.
550

Οἰδίπους

εἴ τοι νομίζεις ἄνδρα συγγενῆ κακῶς

δρῶν οὐχ ὑφέξειν τὴν δίκην, οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖς.

Κρέων

ξύμφημί σοι ταῦτʼ ἔνδικʼ εἰρῆσθαι· τὸ δὲ

πάθημʼ ὁποῖον φὴς παθεῖν, δίδασκέ με.

Οἰδίπους

ἔπειθες ἢ οὐκ ἔπειθες, ὡς χρείη μʼ ἐπὶ
555

τὸν σεμνόμαντιν ἄνδρα πέμψασθαί τινα;

Κρέων

καὶ νῦν ἔθʼ αὑτός εἰμι τῷ βουλεύματι.

Οἰδίπους

πόσον τινʼ ἤδη δῆθʼ ὁ Λάϊος χρόνον

Κρέων

δέδρακε ποῖον ἔργον; οὐ γὰρ ἐννοῶ.

Οἰδίπους

ἄφαντος ἔρρει θανασίμῳ χειρώματι;
560

Κρέων

μακροὶ παλαιοί τʼ ἂν μετρηθεῖεν χρόνοι.

Οἰδίπους

τότʼ οὖν ὁ μάντις οὗτος ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ;

Κρέων

σοφός γʼ ὁμοίως κἀξ ἴσου τιμώμενος.

Οἰδίπους

ἐμνήσατʼ οὖν ἐμοῦ τι τῷ τότʼ ἐν χρόνῳ;

Κρέων

οὔκουν ἐμοῦ γʼ ἑστῶτος οὐδαμοῦ πέλας.
565

Οἰδίπους

ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔρευναν τοῦ κτανόντος ἔσχετε;

Κρέων

παρέσχομεν, πῶς δʼ οὐχί; κοὐκ ἠκούσαμεν.

Οἰδίπους

πῶς οὖν τόθʼ οὗτος ὁ σοφὸς οὐκ ηὔδα τάδε;

Κρέων

οὐκ οἶδʼ· ἐφʼ οἷς γὰρ μὴ φρονῶ σιγᾶν φιλῶ.

Οἰδίπους

τοσόνδε γʼ οἶσθα καὶ λέγοις ἂν εὖ φρονῶν.
570

Κρέων

ποῖον τόδʼ; εἰ γὰρ οἶδά γʼ, οὐκ ἀρνήσομαι.

Οἰδίπους

ὁθούνεκʼ, εἰ μὴ σοὶ ξυνῆλθε, τάσδʼ ἐμὰς

οὐκ ἄν ποτʼ εἶπε Λαΐου διαφθοράς.

Κρέων

εἰ μὲν λέγει τάδʼ, αὐτὸς οἶσθʼ· ἐγὼ δὲ σοῦ

μαθεῖν δικαιῶ ταὔθʼ ἅπερ κἀμοῦ σὺ νῦν.
575

Οἰδίπους

ἐκμάνθανʼ· οὐ γὰρ δὴ φονεὺς ἁλώσομαι.

Κρέων

τί δῆτʼ; ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἐμὴν γήμας ἔχεις;

Οἰδίπους

ἄρνησις οὐκ ἔνεστιν ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς.

Κρέων

ἄρχεις δʼ ἐκείνῃ ταὐτὰ γῆς ἴσον νέμων;

Οἰδίπους

ἃν ᾖ θέλουσα πάντʼ ἐμοῦ κομίζεται.
580

Κρέων

οὔκουν ἰσοῦμαι σφῷν ἐγὼ δυοῖν τρίτος;

Οἰδίπους

ἐνταῦθα γὰρ δὴ καὶ κακὸς φαίνει φίλος.

583

Κρέων

οὔκ, εἰ διδοίης γʼ ὡς ἐγὼ σαυτῷ λόγον.

σκέψαι δὲ τοῦτο πρῶτον, εἴ τινʼ ἂν δοκεῖς

ἄρχειν ἑλέσθαι ξὺν φόβοισι μᾶλλον ἢ
585

ἄτρεστον εὕδοντʼ, εἰ τά γʼ αὔθʼ ἕξει κράτη.

ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὔτʼ αὐτὸς ἱμείρων ἔφυν

τύραννος εἶναι μᾶλλον ἢ τύραννα δρᾶν,

οὔτʼ ἄλλος ὅστις σωφρονεῖν ἐπίσταται.

νῦν μὲν γὰρ ἐκ σοῦ πάντʼ ἄνευ φόβου φέρω,
590

εἰ δʼ αὐτὸς ἦρχον, πολλὰ κἂν ἄκων ἔδρων.

πῶς δῆτʼ ἐμοὶ τυραννὶς ἡδίων ἔχειν

ἀρχῆς ἀλύπου καὶ δυναστείας ἔφυ;

οὔπω τοσοῦτον ἠπατημένος κυρῶ

ὥστʼ ἄλλα χρῄζειν ἢ τὰ σὺν κέρδει καλά.
595

νῦν πᾶσι χαίρω, νῦν με πᾶς ἀσπάζεται,

νῦν οἱ σέθεν χρῄζοντες ἐκκαλοῦσί με·

τὸ γὰρ τυχεῖν αὐτοῖσι πᾶν ἐνταῦθʼ ἔνι.

πῶς δῆτʼ ἐγὼ κεῖνʼ ἂν λάβοιμʼ ἀφεὶς τάδε;

οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο νοῦς κακὸς καλῶς φρονῶν.
600

ἀλλʼ οὔτʼ ἐραστὴς τῆσδε τῆς γνώμης ἔφυν

οὔτʼ ἂν μετʼ ἄλλου δρῶντος ἂν τλαίην ποτέ.

καὶ τῶνδʼ ἔλεγχον τοῦτο μὲν Πυθώδʼ ἰὼν

πεύθου τὰ χρησθέντʼ εἰ σαφῶς ἤγγειλά σοι·

τοῦτʼ ἄλλʼ, ἐάν με τῷ τερασκόπῳ λάβῃς
605

κοινῇ τι βουλεύσαντα, μή μʼ ἁπλῇ κτάνῃς

ψήφῳ, διπλῇ δέ, τῇ τʼ ἐμῇ καὶ σῇ, λαβών·

γνώμῃ δʼ ἀδήλῳ μή με χωρὶς αἰτιῶ.

οὐ γὰρ δίκαιον οὔτε τοὺς κακοὺς μάτην

χρηστοὺς νομίζειν οὔτε τοὺς χρηστοὺς κακούς.
610

φίλον γὰρ ἐσθλὸν ἐκβαλεῖν ἴσον λέγω

καὶ τὸν παρʼ αὑτῷ βίοτον, ὃν πλεῖστον, φιλεῖ.

ἀλλʼ ἐν χρόνῳ γνώσει τάδʼ ἀσφαλῶς, ἐπεὶ

χρόνος δίκαιον ἄνδρα δείκνυσιν μόνος·

κακὸν δὲ κἂν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ.
615

616

Χορός

καλῶς ἔλεξεν εὐλαβουμένῳ πεσεῖν,

ἄναξ· φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς.

Οἰδίπους

ὅταν ταχύς τις οὑπιβουλεύων λάθρᾳ

χωρῇ, ταχὺν δεῖ κἀμὲ βουλεύειν πάλιν·

εἰ δʼ ἡσυχάζων προσμενῶ, τὰ τοῦδε μὲν
620

πεπραγμένʼ ἔσται, τἀμὰ δʼ ἡμαρτημένα.

Κρέων

τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν;

Οἰδίπους

ἥκιστα· θνῄσκειν, οὐ φυγεῖν σε βούλομαι.

ὡς ἂν προδείξῃς οἷόν ἐστι τὸ φθονεῖν.

Κρέων

ὡς οὐχ ὑπείξων οὐδὲ πιστεύσων λέγεις;
625

Οἰδίπους

Κρέων

οὐ γὰρ φρονοῦντά σʼ εὖ βλέπω.

Οἰδίπους

τὸ γοῦν ἐμόν.

Κρέων

ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἴσου δεῖ κἀμόν.

Οἰδίπους

ἀλλʼ ἔφυς κακός.

Κρέων

εἰ δὲ ξυνίης μηδέν;

Οἰδίπους

ἀρκτέον γʼ ὅμως.

Κρέων

οὔτοι κακῶς γʼ ἄρχοντος.

Οἰδίπους

ὦ πόλις πόλις.

Κρέων

κἀμοὶ πόλεως μέτεστιν, οὐχί σοι μόνῳ.
630

Χορός

παύσασθʼ, ἄνακτες· καιρίαν δʼ ὑμῖν ὁρῶ

τήνδʼ ἐκ δόμων στείχουσαν Ἰοκάστην, μεθʼ ἧς

τὸ νῦν παρεστὸς νεῖκος εὖ θέσθαι χρεών.

634

Ἰοκάστη

τί τὴν ἄβουλον, ὦ ταλαίπωροι, στάσιν

γλώσσης ἐπήρασθʼ οὐδʼ ἐπαισχύνεσθε γῆς
635

οὕτω νοσούσης ἴδια κινοῦντες κακά;

οὐκ εἶ σύ τʼ οἴκους σύ τε, Κρέων, κατὰ στέγας,

καὶ μὴ τὸ μηδὲν ἄλγος εἰς μέγʼ οἴσετε;

Κρέων

ὅμαιμε, δεινά μʼ Οἰδίπους ὁ σὸς πόσις

δρᾶσαι δικαιοῖ δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν
640

ἢ γῆς ἀπῶσαι πατρίδος ἢ κτεῖναι λαβών.

Οἰδίπους

ξύμφημι· δρῶντα γάρ νιν, ὦ γύναι, κακῶς

εἴληφα τοὐμὸν σῶμα σὺν τέχνῃ κακῇ.

Κρέων

μή νυν ὀναίμην, ἀλλʼ ἀραῖος, εἴ σέ τι

δέδρακʼ, ὀλοίμην, ὧν ἐπαιτιᾷ με δρᾶν.
645

Ἰοκάστη

ὦ πρὸς θεῶν πίστευσον, Οἰδίπους, τάδε,

μάλιστα μὲν τόνδʼ ὅρκον αἰδεσθεὶς θεῶν,

ἔπειτα κἀμὲ τούσδε θʼ οἳ πάρεισί σοι.

Translations (2)

German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 496 focus

Freilich durchschau'n Zeus und Apollon

Kundig die Schicksale der Menschen;
495

Doch o wer weise mir nach, daß

Im Geschlecht Sterblicher je

Ein Prophet weiter als ich blickt?

Es besteht siegend die Kunst¹

Mit der Kunst häufig den Kampf;
500

Nie möcht' ich indeß, eh sich der Spruch deutlich erfüllt,

Loben den Mann, welcher ihn anklagt.

Das geflügelte Weib nahte sich einst,

Und er zeigte sich klug, war in der Noth freundlich dem Land;

Nimmer in meinen Gedanken daher trifft ihn die Schuld.
505
Kreon. Der Chor.

Kreon.

English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 513-646 focus

Creon

Fellow citizens, having learned that Oedipus the king lays dire charges against me, I have come in indignation.

If he thinks that in the present troubles he has suffered from me, by word or by deed, anything harmful, truly I do not desire my full term of years, when I must bear such blame as this. The wrong of this rumor
515

touches me not in one point alone, but has the largest scope, if I am to be called a traitor in the city, a traitor by you and by my friends.
520

Chorus

But perhaps this taunt came under the stress of anger, rather than from the purpose of his heart.

Creon

Was the opinion given that my counsels had brought the seer to utter his falsehoods?
525

Chorus

Such things were said—I do not know with what meaning.

Creon

And was this charge laid against me with steady eyes and steady mind?

Chorus

I do not know. I see not what my masters do. But here comes our lord from the house.
530

Oedipus enters.

Oedipus

You, how did you get here? Are you so boldfaced that you have come to my house, you who are manifestly the murderer of its master,

the palpable thief of its crown? Come, tell me, in the name of the gods, was it cowardice or folly which you saw in me and which led you to plot this thing? Did you think that I would not notice this deed of yours creeping upon me by stealth, or that if I became aware of it I would not ward it off?
535

Is your attempt not foolish, to seek the throne without followers or friends—a prize which followers and wealth must win?
540

543

Creon

Mark me now: hear a fair reply in answer to your words, and then judge for yourself on the basis of knowledge.

Oedipus

You are apt in speech, but I have a poor wit for lessons, since I have found you a malignant foe.
545

Creon

Now hear first how I will explain this very thing.

Oedipus

One thing—that you are not false—do not bother to explain to me.

Creon

If you think that stubbornness

without sense is a virtue, you are not wise.
550

Oedipus

If you think you can wrong a kinsman and escape the penalty, you are not sane.

Creon

Justly said, I grant you: but tell me what the wrong is that you say you are suffering at my hands.

Oedipus

Did you, or did you not, advise me to send for that reverend seer?
555

Creon

Even now I am of the same mind.

Oedipus

How long is it, then, since Laius . . .

Creon

Did what? I do not understand.

Oedipus

was swept out of sight by deadly violence?
560

Creon

The count of years would run far into the past.

Oedipus

Did this seer possess this skill in those days?

Creon

He was wise as now, and held in equal honor.

Oedipus

Did he make mention of me at that time?

Creon

Never, certainly, when I was within hearing.
565

Oedipus

Did you never investigate the murder?

Creon

Due search we made, of course, though we learned nothing.

Oedipus

And how was it that this sage did not tell this story then.

Creon

I do not know: where I lack insight it is my custom to be silent.

Oedipus

This much, at least, you know, and could declare with insight enough.
570

Creon

What is that? If I know it, I will not deny it.

Oedipus

That, if he had not conferred with you, he would not have named me as Laius’ slayer.

Creon

If he says this, you know best: but I deem it just

to learn from you as much as you have from me now.
575

Oedipus

Learn your fill. I will never be found guilty of the bloodshed.

Creon

Say, then—have you married my sister?

Oedipus

The question allows no denial.

Creon

And you rule the land as she does, with equal sway.

Oedipus

She obtains from me all that she wishes.
580

Creon

And do I not rank as a third peer of you two?

Oedipus

It is just in this that you are seen to be a false friend.

583

Creon

Not so, if you would reason with your heart as I do with mine. Weigh this first—whether you think that anyone would

choose to rule amid terrors rather than in unruffled peace, granted that he is to have the same powers. Now I, for one, have by nature no yearning to rule as a king rather than to do kingly deeds, and neither does any man I know who has a sound mind.
585

For now I attain all everything from you without fear, but, if I were ruler myself, I would have to do much that went against my own pleasure.
How, then, could royalty be sweeter to me to have than painless rule and influence? I am not yet so misguided
590

that I desire other honors than those which bring profit. Now, every man has a greeting for me; now, all that have a request of you crave to speak with me, since in me lies all their hope of success. Why then should I give up these things and take those others?
595

No mind will become false while it is wise. No, I am no lover of such a policy, and if another put it into action, I could never bear to go along with him. And, in proof of this, first go to Pytho , and ask whether I brought a true report of the oracle.
600

Then next, if you have found that I have planned anything in concert with the soothsayer, take and slay me, by the sentence not of one mouth, but of two—by my own no less than yours. But do not assume my guilt on unproven inference. It is not just to judge bad men good at random,
605

or good men bad. I think that casting off a true friend is for a man like casting away the life in his own bosom, which he most loves. You will surely learn about these affairs in time, since time alone reveals a just man.
610

But you can discern a bad man even in one day alone.
615

616

Chorus

He has spoken well, my king, for one who is taking care not to fall: those who are quick in counsel are not sure.

Oedipus

When the stealthy plotter is moving on me quickly, I, too, must be quick in my counterplot.

If I await him in repose, his ends will have been gained, and mine lost.
620

Creon

What do you want then? To banish me from the land?

Oedipus

Hardly. I desire your death, not your exile, so that I might show what a thing envy is.

Creon

Are you resolved not to yield or believe?
625

Oedipus

No, for you persuade me that you are unworthy of trust.

Creon

No, for I see you are not sane.

Oedipus

Sane, at least, in my own interest.

Creon

But you should be so in mine also.

Oedipus

You are false.

Creon

But if you understand nothing?

Oedipus

Still I must rule.

Creon

Not if you rule badly.

Oedipus

Hear him, city of Thebes !

Creon

The city is mine too, not yours alone.
630

Chorus

Cease, lords. In good time I see Iocasta coming from the house, with whose help you should resolve your present feud.

634 Iocasta enters.

Iocasta

Misguided men, why have you raised

such a foolish argument? Are you not ashamed, while the land is so sick, to stir up troubles of your own? Come, go into the house—and you, Creon, go to yours—and stop making so much of a petty grief.
635

Creon

Kinswoman, Oedipus, your husband,

wants to do one of two terrible things to me, either to thrust me from the land of my fathers or to arrest and slay me.
640

Oedipus

Yes indeed, for I have caught him, lady, working evil against my person with his wicked craft.

Creon

May I derive no benefit,

but perish accursed, if I have done any of the things of which you charge me.
645

Iocasta

In the name of the gods, believe it, Oedipus, first for the sake of this awful oath to the gods, then for my sake and for the sake of those who stand before you.

Commentary

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

463-511. mvp-comment-280-1 Where is the accursed one, whom Apollo has marked as the perpetrator of the terrible deed? Now should he fly far away, with a step swifter than that of steeds, the daughters of the wind. For the son of Zeus, clothed in armour, leaps upon him with flashing fire, and the inevitable Fates are following him. He is roaming in forests and amongst desert caves, but he shall find no refuge. The forlorn man cannot put away from him the oracles that come from the centre of the earth.

463-511. mvp-comment-280-2 I tremble to think of the answer which the seer has given; and I hover in uncertainty, seeing neither what is, nor what will be. I neither know nor have known any strife between the house of Labdacus and the son of Polybus, and without proof, I will not give up Oedipus on an uncertain surmise. There is no knowing whether the voice of the prophet is the voice of God. But one man may be wiser than another. And of mortals who so wise as Oedipus? We have proof of this and of his good- Ist strophe and antistr. logaoedic or glyconic, ness to our state. Therefore I will think no harm of him.

463-511. mvp-comment-280-3 The first strophe and antistrophe refer to the proclamation of Oedipus reporting the answer of the oracle; the second to the words of Teiresias, which contained the only answer yet given to the question which the oracle left obscure. The differing metres of the first and second strophe and antistrophe contrast the eager resolution of the chorus to find the murderer, with the wavering excitement which the words of Teiresias have awakened, distracting them between their loyalty to Oedipus and their reverence for the seer. The first strophe commences with a strain half grave, half light, which is stirred into a quicker motion in the glyconics (lines 466-468), where the flight of the fugitive is described and grows faster and also weightier in the description of the tramp of his pursuers (lines 469 ff.). In the second strophe the alternation of the mind of the Chorus is indicated in the uneven Ionic rhythm. followed by rapid anapaestic clcclcc dimeters marking the climax of feeling. 2nd str. and antistr. Ionic a minore with anacrusis and pauses. 100- D 100–110)|10) 10)||10)|[110)]110) 463. The διορθωτής of the Laurentian MS. has written εἶπε over another word (ειδε?) and Flor. Γ. gives εἶδε, above 100which a later hand has written εἶπε as a v. r. Both readings are noticed by the Scholiast. The construction with the participle is at first sight rather in favour of εἶδε (or οἶδε). But cp. El. 318, О. С. 1580, ξυντομωτάτως μὲν ἂν τύχοιμι λέξας Οἰδίπουν ὀλωλότα, and infr. 1214, δικάζει .. τεκνοῦντα, εἶπε is much better suited to the context. The voice which the Pythia interpreted came from the rock.

501. mvp-comment-301-1 κρίσις οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής There is no sure way of determining. Cp. Pind. fr. Paean. 39, τί δ' ἔλπεαι σοφίαν ἐμμέναι, ᾆτ᾽ ὀλίγον τοι ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρὸς ἰσχύει; οὐ γὰρ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως τὰ θεῶν βουλεύματ᾽ ἐρευνάσαι βροτέᾳ φρενί.

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Χορός ἀλλʼ ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχʼ ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν.

Κρέων τοὔπος δʼ ἐφάνθη, ταῖς ἐμαῖς γνώμαις ὅτι 525 πεισθεὶς ὁ μάντις τοὺς λόγους ψευδεῖς λέγοι;

Χορός ηὐδᾶτο μὲν τάδʼ, οἶδα δʼ οὐ γνώμῃ τίνι.

Κρέων ἐξ ὀμμάτων δʼ ὀρθῶν τε κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενὸς κατηγορεῖτο τοὐπίκλημα τοῦτό μου;

Χορός οὐκ οἶδʼ· ἃ γὰρ δρῶσʼ, οἱ κρατοῦντες οὐχ ὁρῶ. 530 αὐτὸς δʼ ὅδʼ ἤδη δωμάτων ἔξω περᾷ.

Κρέων οἶσθʼ ὡς πόησον; ἀντὶ τῶν εἰρημένων ἴσʼ ἀντάκουσον, κᾆτα κρῖνʼ αὐτὸς μαθών.

Οἰδίπους λέγειν σὺ δεινός, μανθάνειν δʼ ἐγὼ κακὸς 545 σοῦ· δυσμενῆ γὰρ καὶ βαρύν σʼ ηὕρηκʼ ἐμοί.

Κρέων τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ νῦν μου πρῶτʼ ἄκουσον ὡς ἐρῶ.

Οἰδίπους τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζʼ, ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός.

Κρέων εἴ τοι νομίζεις κτῆμα τὴν αὐθαδίαν εἶναί τι τοῦ νοῦ χωρίς, οὐκ ὀρθῶς φρονεῖς. 550

Οἰδίπους εἴ τοι νομίζεις ἄνδρα συγγενῆ κακῶς δρῶν οὐχ ὑφέξειν τὴν δίκην, οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖς.

Κρέων ξύμφημί σοι ταῦτʼ ἔνδικʼ εἰρῆσθαι· τὸ δὲ πάθημʼ ὁποῖον φὴς παθεῖν, δίδασκέ με.

Οἰδίπους ἔπειθες ἢ οὐκ ἔπειθες, ὡς χρείη μʼ ἐπὶ 555 τὸν σεμνόμαντιν ἄνδρα πέμψασθαί τινα;

Κρέων καὶ νῦν ἔθʼ αὑτός εἰμι τῷ βουλεύματι.

Οἰδίπους πόσον τινʼ ἤδη δῆθʼ ὁ Λάϊος χρόνον

Κρέων δέδρακε ποῖον ἔργον; οὐ γὰρ ἐννοῶ.

Οἰδίπους ἄφαντος ἔρρει θανασίμῳ χειρώματι; 560

Κρέων μακροὶ παλαιοί τʼ ἂν μετρηθεῖεν χρόνοι.

Οἰδίπους τότʼ οὖν ὁ μάντις οὗτος ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ;

Κρέων σοφός γʼ ὁμοίως κἀξ ἴσου τιμώμενος.

Οἰδίπους ἐμνήσατʼ οὖν ἐμοῦ τι τῷ τότʼ ἐν χρόνῳ;

Κρέων οὔκουν ἐμοῦ γʼ ἑστῶτος οὐδαμοῦ πέλας. 565

Οἰδίπους ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔρευναν τοῦ κτανόντος ἔσχετε;

Κρέων παρέσχομεν, πῶς δʼ οὐχί; κοὐκ ἠκούσαμεν.

Οἰδίπους πῶς οὖν τόθʼ οὗτος ὁ σοφὸς οὐκ ηὔδα τάδε;

Κρέων οὐκ οἶδʼ· ἐφʼ οἷς γὰρ μὴ φρονῶ σιγᾶν φιλῶ.

Οἰδίπους τοσόνδε γʼ οἶσθα καὶ λέγοις ἂν εὖ φρονῶν. 570

Κρέων ποῖον τόδʼ; εἰ γὰρ οἶδά γʼ, οὐκ ἀρνήσομαι.

Οἰδίπους ὁθούνεκʼ, εἰ μὴ σοὶ ξυνῆλθε, τάσδʼ ἐμὰς οὐκ ἄν ποτʼ εἶπε Λαΐου διαφθοράς.

Κρέων εἰ μὲν λέγει τάδʼ, αὐτὸς οἶσθʼ· ἐγὼ δὲ σοῦ μαθεῖν δικαιῶ ταὔθʼ ἅπερ κἀμοῦ σὺ νῦν. 575

Οἰδίπους ἐκμάνθανʼ· οὐ γὰρ δὴ φονεὺς ἁλώσομαι.

Κρέων τί δῆτʼ; ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἐμὴν γήμας ἔχεις;

Οἰδίπους ἄρνησις οὐκ ἔνεστιν ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς.

Κρέων ἄρχεις δʼ ἐκείνῃ ταὐτὰ γῆς ἴσον νέμων;

Οἰδίπους ἃν ᾖ θέλουσα πάντʼ ἐμοῦ κομίζεται. 580

Κρέων οὔκουν ἰσοῦμαι σφῷν ἐγὼ δυοῖν τρίτος;

Οἰδίπους ἐνταῦθα γὰρ δὴ καὶ κακὸς φαίνει φίλος.

Χορός καλῶς ἔλεξεν εὐλαβουμένῳ πεσεῖν, ἄναξ· φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς.

Κρέων τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν;

Οἰδίπους ἥκιστα· θνῄσκειν, οὐ φυγεῖν σε βούλομαι. ὡς ἂν προδείξῃς οἷόν ἐστι τὸ φθονεῖν.

Κρέων ὡς οὐχ ὑπείξων οὐδὲ πιστεύσων λέγεις; 625

Οἰδίπους

Κρέων οὐ γὰρ φρονοῦντά σʼ εὖ βλέπω.

Οἰδίπους τὸ γοῦν ἐμόν.

Κρέων ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἴσου δεῖ κἀμόν.

Οἰδίπους ἀλλʼ ἔφυς κακός.

Κρέων εἰ δὲ ξυνίης μηδέν;

Οἰδίπους ἀρκτέον γʼ ὅμως.

Κρέων οὔτοι κακῶς γʼ ἄρχοντος.

Οἰδίπους ὦ πόλις πόλις.

Κρέων κἀμοὶ πόλεως μέτεστιν, οὐχί σοι μόνῳ. 630

Χορός παύσασθʼ, ἄνακτες· καιρίαν δʼ ὑμῖν ὁρῶ τήνδʼ ἐκ δόμων στείχουσαν Ἰοκάστην, μεθʼ ἧς τὸ νῦν παρεστὸς νεῖκος εὖ θέσθαι χρεών.

Κρέων ὅμαιμε, δεινά μʼ Οἰδίπους ὁ σὸς πόσις δρᾶσαι δικαιοῖ δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν 640 ἢ γῆς ἀπῶσαι πατρίδος ἢ κτεῖναι λαβών.

Οἰδίπους ξύμφημι· δρῶντα γάρ νιν, ὦ γύναι, κακῶς εἴληφα τοὐμὸν σῶμα σὺν τέχνῃ κακῇ.

Κρέων μή νυν ὀναίμην, ἀλλʼ ἀραῖος, εἴ σέ τι δέδρακʼ, ὀλοίμην, ὧν ἐπαιτιᾷ με δρᾶν. 645

Ἰοκάστη ὦ πρὸς θεῶν πίστευσον, Οἰδίπους, τάδε, μάλιστα μὲν τόνδʼ ὅρκον αἰδεσθεὶς θεῶν, ἔπειτα κἀμὲ τούσδε θʼ οἳ πάρεισί σοι.

Kreon.

Chorus But perhaps this taunt came under the stress of anger, rather than from the purpose of his heart.

Creon Was the opinion given that my counsels had brought the seer to utter his falsehoods? 525

Chorus Such things were said—I do not know with what meaning.

Creon And was this charge laid against me with steady eyes and steady mind?

Chorus I do not know. I see not what my masters do. But here comes our lord from the house. 530

Creon Mark me now: hear a fair reply in answer to your words, and then judge for yourself on the basis of knowledge.

Oedipus You are apt in speech, but I have a poor wit for lessons, since I have found you a malignant foe. 545

Creon Now hear first how I will explain this very thing.

Oedipus One thing—that you are not false—do not bother to explain to me.

Creon If you think that stubbornness without sense is a virtue, you are not wise. 550

Oedipus If you think you can wrong a kinsman and escape the penalty, you are not sane.

Creon Justly said, I grant you: but tell me what the wrong is that you say you are suffering at my hands.

Oedipus Did you, or did you not, advise me to send for that reverend seer? 555

Creon Even now I am of the same mind.

Oedipus How long is it, then, since Laius . . .

Creon Did what? I do not understand.

Oedipus was swept out of sight by deadly violence? 560

Creon The count of years would run far into the past.

Oedipus Did this seer possess this skill in those days?

Creon He was wise as now, and held in equal honor.

Χορός

ἀλλʼ ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχʼ ἂν

ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν.

Κρέων

τοὔπος δʼ ἐφάνθη, ταῖς ἐμαῖς γνώμαις ὅτι
525

πεισθεὶς ὁ μάντις τοὺς λόγους ψευδεῖς λέγοι;

Χορός

ηὐδᾶτο μὲν τάδʼ, οἶδα δʼ οὐ γνώμῃ τίνι.

Κρέων

ἐξ ὀμμάτων δʼ ὀρθῶν τε κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενὸς

κατηγορεῖτο τοὐπίκλημα τοῦτό μου;

Χορός

οὐκ οἶδʼ· ἃ γὰρ δρῶσʼ, οἱ κρατοῦντες οὐχ ὁρῶ.
530

αὐτὸς δʼ ὅδʼ ἤδη δωμάτων ἔξω περᾷ.

Κρέων

οἶσθʼ ὡς πόησον; ἀντὶ τῶν εἰρημένων

ἴσʼ ἀντάκουσον, κᾆτα κρῖνʼ αὐτὸς μαθών.

Οἰδίπους

λέγειν σὺ δεινός, μανθάνειν δʼ ἐγὼ κακὸς
545

σοῦ· δυσμενῆ γὰρ καὶ βαρύν σʼ ηὕρηκʼ ἐμοί.

Κρέων

τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ νῦν μου πρῶτʼ ἄκουσον ὡς ἐρῶ.

Οἰδίπους

τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζʼ, ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός.

Κρέων

εἴ τοι νομίζεις κτῆμα τὴν αὐθαδίαν

εἶναί τι τοῦ νοῦ χωρίς, οὐκ ὀρθῶς φρονεῖς.
550

Οἰδίπους

εἴ τοι νομίζεις ἄνδρα συγγενῆ κακῶς

δρῶν οὐχ ὑφέξειν τὴν δίκην, οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖς.

Κρέων

ξύμφημί σοι ταῦτʼ ἔνδικʼ εἰρῆσθαι· τὸ δὲ

πάθημʼ ὁποῖον φὴς παθεῖν, δίδασκέ με.

Οἰδίπους

ἔπειθες ἢ οὐκ ἔπειθες, ὡς χρείη μʼ ἐπὶ
555

τὸν σεμνόμαντιν ἄνδρα πέμψασθαί τινα;

Κρέων

καὶ νῦν ἔθʼ αὑτός εἰμι τῷ βουλεύματι.

Οἰδίπους

πόσον τινʼ ἤδη δῆθʼ ὁ Λάϊος χρόνον

Κρέων

δέδρακε ποῖον ἔργον; οὐ γὰρ ἐννοῶ.

Οἰδίπους

ἄφαντος ἔρρει θανασίμῳ χειρώματι;
560

Κρέων

μακροὶ παλαιοί τʼ ἂν μετρηθεῖεν χρόνοι.

Οἰδίπους

τότʼ οὖν ὁ μάντις οὗτος ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ;

Κρέων

σοφός γʼ ὁμοίως κἀξ ἴσου τιμώμενος.

Οἰδίπους

ἐμνήσατʼ οὖν ἐμοῦ τι τῷ τότʼ ἐν χρόνῳ;

Κρέων

οὔκουν ἐμοῦ γʼ ἑστῶτος οὐδαμοῦ πέλας.
565

Οἰδίπους

ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔρευναν τοῦ κτανόντος ἔσχετε;

Κρέων

παρέσχομεν, πῶς δʼ οὐχί; κοὐκ ἠκούσαμεν.

Οἰδίπους

πῶς οὖν τόθʼ οὗτος ὁ σοφὸς οὐκ ηὔδα τάδε;

Κρέων

οὐκ οἶδʼ· ἐφʼ οἷς γὰρ μὴ φρονῶ σιγᾶν φιλῶ.

Οἰδίπους

τοσόνδε γʼ οἶσθα καὶ λέγοις ἂν εὖ φρονῶν.
570

Κρέων

ποῖον τόδʼ; εἰ γὰρ οἶδά γʼ, οὐκ ἀρνήσομαι.

Οἰδίπους

ὁθούνεκʼ, εἰ μὴ σοὶ ξυνῆλθε, τάσδʼ ἐμὰς

οὐκ ἄν ποτʼ εἶπε Λαΐου διαφθοράς.

Κρέων

εἰ μὲν λέγει τάδʼ, αὐτὸς οἶσθʼ· ἐγὼ δὲ σοῦ

μαθεῖν δικαιῶ ταὔθʼ ἅπερ κἀμοῦ σὺ νῦν.
575

Οἰδίπους

ἐκμάνθανʼ· οὐ γὰρ δὴ φονεὺς ἁλώσομαι.

Κρέων

τί δῆτʼ; ἀδελφὴν τὴν ἐμὴν γήμας ἔχεις;

Οἰδίπους

ἄρνησις οὐκ ἔνεστιν ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς.

Κρέων

ἄρχεις δʼ ἐκείνῃ ταὐτὰ γῆς ἴσον νέμων;

Οἰδίπους

ἃν ᾖ θέλουσα πάντʼ ἐμοῦ κομίζεται.
580

Κρέων

οὔκουν ἰσοῦμαι σφῷν ἐγὼ δυοῖν τρίτος;

Οἰδίπους

ἐνταῦθα γὰρ δὴ καὶ κακὸς φαίνει φίλος.

Χορός

καλῶς ἔλεξεν εὐλαβουμένῳ πεσεῖν,

ἄναξ· φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς.

Κρέων

τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν;

Οἰδίπους

ἥκιστα· θνῄσκειν, οὐ φυγεῖν σε βούλομαι.

ὡς ἂν προδείξῃς οἷόν ἐστι τὸ φθονεῖν.

Κρέων

ὡς οὐχ ὑπείξων οὐδὲ πιστεύσων λέγεις;
625

Κρέων

οὐ γὰρ φρονοῦντά σʼ εὖ βλέπω.

Οἰδίπους

τὸ γοῦν ἐμόν.

Κρέων

ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἴσου δεῖ κἀμόν.

Οἰδίπους

ἀλλʼ ἔφυς κακός.

Κρέων

εἰ δὲ ξυνίης μηδέν;

Οἰδίπους

ἀρκτέον γʼ ὅμως.

Κρέων

οὔτοι κακῶς γʼ ἄρχοντος.

Οἰδίπους

ὦ πόλις πόλις.

Κρέων

κἀμοὶ πόλεως μέτεστιν, οὐχί σοι μόνῳ.
630

Χορός

παύσασθʼ, ἄνακτες· καιρίαν δʼ ὑμῖν ὁρῶ

τήνδʼ ἐκ δόμων στείχουσαν Ἰοκάστην, μεθʼ ἧς

τὸ νῦν παρεστὸς νεῖκος εὖ θέσθαι χρεών.

Κρέων

ὅμαιμε, δεινά μʼ Οἰδίπους ὁ σὸς πόσις

δρᾶσαι δικαιοῖ δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν
640

ἢ γῆς ἀπῶσαι πατρίδος ἢ κτεῖναι λαβών.

Οἰδίπους

ξύμφημι· δρῶντα γάρ νιν, ὦ γύναι, κακῶς

εἴληφα τοὐμὸν σῶμα σὺν τέχνῃ κακῇ.

Κρέων

μή νυν ὀναίμην, ἀλλʼ ἀραῖος, εἴ σέ τι

δέδρακʼ, ὀλοίμην, ὧν ἐπαιτιᾷ με δρᾶν.
645

Ἰοκάστη

ὦ πρὸς θεῶν πίστευσον, Οἰδίπους, τάδε,

μάλιστα μὲν τόνδʼ ὅρκον αἰδεσθεὶς θεῶν,

ἔπειτα κἀμὲ τούσδε θʼ οἳ πάρεισί σοι.

Chorus

But perhaps this taunt came under the stress of anger, rather than from the purpose of his heart.

Creon

Was the opinion given that my counsels had brought the seer to utter his falsehoods?
525

Chorus

Such things were said—I do not know with what meaning.

Creon

And was this charge laid against me with steady eyes and steady mind?

Chorus

I do not know. I see not what my masters do. But here comes our lord from the house.
530

Creon

Mark me now: hear a fair reply in answer to your words, and then judge for yourself on the basis of knowledge.

Oedipus

You are apt in speech, but I have a poor wit for lessons, since I have found you a malignant foe.
545

Creon

Now hear first how I will explain this very thing.

Oedipus

One thing—that you are not false—do not bother to explain to me.

Creon

If you think that stubbornness

without sense is a virtue, you are not wise.
550

Oedipus

If you think you can wrong a kinsman and escape the penalty, you are not sane.

Creon

Justly said, I grant you: but tell me what the wrong is that you say you are suffering at my hands.

Oedipus

Did you, or did you not, advise me to send for that reverend seer?
555

Creon

Even now I am of the same mind.

Oedipus

How long is it, then, since Laius . . .

Creon

Did what? I do not understand.

Oedipus

was swept out of sight by deadly violence?
560

Creon

The count of years would run far into the past.

Oedipus

Did this seer possess this skill in those days?

Creon

He was wise as now, and held in equal honor.

Oedipus

Did he make mention of me at that time?

Creon

Never, certainly, when I was within hearing.
565

Oedipus

Did you never investigate the murder?

Creon

Due search we made, of course, though we learned nothing.

Oedipus

And how was it that this sage did not tell this story then.