Sophocles Ajax 1264

Robert Potter (Translator)

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Oh that your minds to gentler thoughts were calm'd!
My soul can form no better wish for each.
1265

Ajax. Sophocles. Robert Potter (Translator). London. 1820.

Current edition Experimental

English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Robert Potter, 1788))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (1)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 1264 focus
εἴθ᾽ ὑμὶν ἀμφοῖν νοῦς γένοιτο σωφρονεῖν·
τούτου γὰρ οὐδὲν σφῶν ἔχω λῷον φράσαι om. add..
1265
Translations (3)
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906)) — 1264 focus
Fie! How doth gratitude when men are dead
Prove renegade and swiftly pass away!
This Agamemnon hath no slightest word
Of kind remembrance any more for thee,
Aias, who oftentimes for his behoof
Hast jeoparded thy life in labour of war.
1270
Now all is clean forgotten and out of mind.
Thou who hast multiplied words void of sense,
Hast thou no faintest memory of the time
When who but Aias came and rescued you
Already locked within the toils,—all lost,
1275
The rout began: when close abaft the ships
The torches flared, and o’er the bootless trench
Hector was bounding high to board our fleet?
Who stayed that onset? Was not Aias he?
Whom thou deny’st to have once set foot by thine.
1280
Find ye no merit there? And once again
When he met Hector singly, man to man,
Not by your bidding, but the lottery’s choice,
His lot, that skulked not low adown i’ the heap,
A moist earth-clod, but sure to spring in air,
1285
And first to clear the plumy helmet’s brim.
Yes, Aias was the man, and I too there
Kept rank, the ‘barbarous mother’s servile son.’
I pity thee the blindness of that word.
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 1264 focus
lerntet ihr doch beide weisen Sinnes sein!
Nichts Andres kann ich rathen, das euch besser sei.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 1264 focus
And lo ! in happy hour this way advancing
The wife and son of our unhappy friend,
To pay due honours and adorn his tomb.
'^K^MKSv^A. KrRYSACES, TeUCER, OhORUS.

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-747-1 φράσαι 1

mvp-comment-748-1 ὡς ταχεῖά τις 2

mvp-comment-748-2 βροτοῖς 3

mvp-comment-748-3 διαρρεῖ 4

mvp-comment-748-4 προδοῦσ’ ἁλίσκεται 5

mvp-comment-749-1 οὐδ’ ἐπὶ σμικρῶν λόγων 6

mvp-comment-750-1 οὗ 7 προὔκαμες 8 δορί 9 προτείνων 10

mvp-comment-751-1 ἐρριμμένα 11

mvp-comment-752-1 κἀνόητ’ 12

mvp-comment-753-1 οὐ μνημονεύεις … οὐδέν 13 ἡνίκα 14

mvp-comment-754-1 ἑρκέων … ἐγκεκλῃμένους 15

mvp-comment-754-2 ἑρκέων 16

mvp-comment-755-1 τὸ μηδὲν ὄντας 17

mvp-comment-755-2 ἐν τροπῇ δορός 18

mvp-comment-756-1 ἀμφὶ μὲν νεῶν … ἑδωλίοις 19

mvp-comment-756-2 (1) There is strong evidence that the term

ἑδώλια
was used in the 5th cent. B.C. to denote a raised deck, a quarter-deck, at the stern of the ship. This is clear in Her. 1. 24 : Arion asks leave,
στάντα ἐν τοῖσι ἑδωλίοισι ἀεῖσαι
: the officers of the ship consent, and are then said
ἀναχωρῆσαι ἐκ τῆς πρύμνης ἐς μέσην νέα
,— leaving Arion alone on the
ἑδώλια
. In Helen. 1571,
Ἑλένη καθέζετ’ ἐν μέσοις ἑδωλίοις
: which is clearly a place distinct from that where the rowers sat; of them it is said,
τοίχους δεξιοὺς λαιούς τ’ ἴσοι | ἀνὴρ παρ’ ἄνδρ’ ἕζοντο
. (For further evidence on this point, see Appendix.)

mvp-comment-756-3 (2) ἄκροισιν 20

mvp-comment-756-4 (3) ναυτικοῖς 21

mvp-comment-756-5 Other views of the passage, and some emendations which have been proposed, will be found in the Appendix.

mvp-comment-757-1 εἰς δὲ ναυτικὰ σκάφη … τάφρων ὕπερ 22

mvp-comment-757-2 Sophocles may have had some other source, epic or lyric. But it seems equally possible that he wrote from a general recollection of the Iliad, without caring whether he reproduced its details. Indeed, two verses of the Iliad might alone have sufficed to suggest the picture which he has drawn,—that which says of Ajax,

Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅστις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ
(15. 731),—and the verse which describes Hector leading the Trojans from the Greek wall towards the ships,—
ᾗ ῥ) ὅ γ’ ὁ λυσσώδης φλογὶ εἴκελος ἡγεμονεύει
(13. 53).

mvp-comment-758-1 οὗ σὺ μή, βῆναι ποδί 23 οὐδὲ συμβῆναι ποδί 24 συμβῆναι ποδί 25

mvp-comment-759-1 ὑμὶν … ἔνδικα 26

mvp-comment-760-1 αὐτὸς 27

mvp-comment-760-2 λαχών τε κἀκέλευστος 28

mvp-comment-760-3 This combat between Hector and Ajax is told in Iliad 7. 38—312. Hector having challenged a Greek champion, nine Greek chiefs offered themselves; lots were cast, and the honour fell to Ajax. Hector and Ajax fought till nightfall, when they were parted by heralds, and exchanged gifts (1029 n.).

mvp-comment-761-1 οὐ δραπέτην 29

mvp-comment-761-2

ἐς μέσον καθείς. μέσον
has been suspected; Nauck writes
κρωσσὸν
(‘urn’). But the literal sense is simply, ‘having cast down into the midst’—the competitors being imagined as standing round the
κυνῆ
. Cp. the phrases
εἰς μέσον τιθέναι, εἰς τὸ μέσον φέρειν
, etc.

mvp-comment-761-3 κυνῆς 30

mvp-comment-762-1 σὺν δ’ ἐγὼ παρών 31 σὺν 32

mvp-comment-762-2 ὁ δοῦλος 33

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

1266. mvp-comment-807-1 ὡς ταχεῖά τις] 'How swiftly, somehow!' For τις added to the supplementary predicate, cp. O. T. 618, ὅταν ταχύς τις οὐπιβουλεύων λάθρα | χωρῇ, and see Essay on L. § 22. p. 36, sub fin. Cp. also for the meaning of ταχεῖα, Pind. Pyth. 1. 161, ταχείας ἐλπίδας.

1267. mvp-comment-808-1 διαρρεῖ] ‘Melts away.' Cp. Trach. 698, ῥεῖ πᾶν ἄδηλον. Cp. Shak. Midsummer Night's Dream, 4.1, 'My love to Hermia, | Melted as doth the snow, seems to me now | As the remembrance of an idle gaud.' καὶ προδοῦσ᾽ ἁλίσκεται] 'And is found to turn traitor.' An idiomatic phrase, for which, cp. Ant. 46, οὐ γὰρ δὴ προδοῦσ᾽ ἁλώσομαι.

1268. mvp-comment-809-1 οὐδ᾽ ἐπὶ σμικρῶν λόγων] ‘Not even in the least degree.' Lit. either (1) 'On a slight account,' or (2) 'With a slight word.' For (1), cp. Plat. Rep. 7. 524 Ε, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ δακτύλου ἐλέγομεν. And for (2), cp. O. C. 746, κἀπὶ προσπόλου μιᾶς | βιοστερῆ χωροῦντα.

1270. mvp-comment-810-1 τὴν σὴν προτείνων . . ψυχὴν δορί] 'Exposing thy life in war.' Perhaps αὐτοῦ should be resumed from οὗ. Cp. Il. 9. 322, αἰὲν ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν.

1271. mvp-comment-811-1 οἴχεται . . ἐρριμμένα] 'Are cast away,' a periphrasis like οἴχεται θανών (Phil. 414). Compare especially Andoc. 19. 7, οὐκ ἔστιν . . ἔτι λοιπὸς τοῦ γένους τοῦ ἡμετέρου οὐδείς, ἀλλ᾽ οἴχεται πᾶν πρόρριζον.

1272. mvp-comment-812-1 κἀνόνητ᾽, although a possible reading, may be due to κἀνόητα above. 'Senseless' is more pointed here than 'profitless.'

1274. mvp-comment-813-1 ἑρκέων] Sc. ἔσω, implied in ἐγκεκλημένους. When the Greeks were driven within their lines, their own ramparts were like a trap in which they were caught.

1275. mvp-comment-814-1 ἐν τροπῇ δορός] ‘When the battle was already turned against you:' —when the rout had begun.

1276-1278. mvp-comment-815-1 ἀμφὶ.. φλέγοντος] ‘When around the ships the fire already blazed so as to scorch the quarter-decks.' The ships being fired from the stern, whatever was most combustible abaft each vessel would first catch fire. ἑδωλίοις] This is commonly explained to mean 'the rowers' benches,' in which case ἄκροισιν is difficult to explain. But several passages indicate that ἑδώλια was the name given to those places in the vessel, chiefly at the stern, where persons not engaged in working her might sit. See the gloss on this line in Pal. R. 34, σανιδώμασιν, —also the Scholiast on Lycophr. 296, quoted by Dindorf in Steph. Thes. s. v. ἐξ ἑδωλίων πηδῶντες] τῶν σανιδωμάτων καὶ καταστρωμάτων τῆς νεώς: Etym. Magn. p. 455, 4 (ibid.), τόπον τῆς νεὼς βάσιν ἔχοντα .. ὁ καὶ ἑδώλιόν φασιν: and cp. Eur. Hel. 1571, Ἑλένη καθέζετ᾽ ἐν μέσοις ἐδωλίοις, ib. 1602, 3, παρακέλευσμα δ᾽ ἦν | πρύμνηθεν Ἑλένης (had she left the midmost benches, no doubt finding them uncomfortable, for the stern?): also Hdt. 1. 211, στάντα ἐν τοῖσι ἑδωλίοισι (evidently a platform in a particular part of the ship). This agrees with other meanings of the word. ἄκροισι means the part of the ἑδώλια towards the extreme stern. Cp. Od. 9. 540, οἰήϊον ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι. The whole description is probably taken from an Αἴαντος ἀριστεία, differing in some particulars from the Iliad, as, for instance, in ignoring the part taken by Patroclus in the defence of the ships. Hence no attempt need be made to reconcile the picture of Hector rushing with high bounds to cross the trench and board the fleet, with the narrative in Il. 14. 15.

1281. mvp-comment-816-1 ὂν.. ποδί] 'Who, as thou sayest, on no occasion set his foot by thine.' What Agamemnon said, supr. 1237, was different from this; but Teucer speaks with the exaggeration of anger. Cp. Ant. 208, 485, and note. For the expression, cp. Shak. Julius Caesar, 1. 3, '... And I will set this foot of mine as far | As who goes farthest.'

1282. mvp-comment-817-1 'I wonder if in this you find a righteous act of Ajax'?' ὑμίν, not = εἰς ὑμᾶς, but a dative of reference in construction with the whole sentence.

1283. mvp-comment-818-1 χὤτ᾽ αὖθις] ὅτε resumes ἡνίκα, supr. 1273, without any precise antecedent, though ἆρ᾽ οὐκ ἐνδίκως ἔδρασεν; may be supplied from the preceding line. αὐτός]· 'By himself,' and not now in conjunction with the Atreidae.

1284. mvp-comment-819-1 κἀκέλευστος. See Il. 7. 164.

1284-1287. mvp-comment-820-1 The spirit of these lines agrees with Il. 7. 186-9, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτε δὴ τὸν ἴκανε, φέρων ἀν᾿ ὅμιλον ἁπάντη, | ὅς μιν ἐπιγράψας κυνέῃ βάλε, φαίδιμος Αἴας, | ἤτοι ὑπέσχεθε χεῖρ᾽ ὁ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔμβαλεν, ἄγχι παραστάς | γνῶ δὲ κλήρου σῆμα ἰδών, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ.

1285. mvp-comment-821-1 'Not making his lot to sink into the hollow of the helmet, and to skulk there,' i. e. refuse to show itself when the helmet was shaken (as having crumbled away). δραπέτην contains a metaphor from a runaway slave eluding search, and also an allusion to the derivation from πίπτω. Sophocles, or the Cyclic poet before him, here assigns to Odysseus, or some other rival of Ajax, the action elsewhere attributed to Cresphontes at the division of the Peloponnese amongst the Heracleids.

1287. mvp-comment-822-1 κυνῆς] i. e. ἐκ κυνῆς. 'From the helmet.' Cp. especially O. T. 808, ὄχου, and note. ἄλμα κουφιεῖν] 'To spring lightly,' is an example of what in the Essay on L. § 17. p. 25 c, has been called the use of the cognate verb. Cp. Eur. El. 861, πήδημα κουφίζουσα: and, for the sense, Il. 7. 182, ἐκ δ᾽ ἔθορε κλῆρος κυνέης.

1288. mvp-comment-823-1 σὺν δ' ἐγὼ παρών] · 'And I too not far off.' Essay on L. § 18. § 40. p. 75. παρών implies that Teucer was faithful to his post. Cp. Phil. 379, οὐκ ἦσθ᾽ ἵν᾽ ἡμεῖς, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπῆσθ᾽, ἵν᾽ οὔ σ᾽ ἔδει. For Teucer's services, cp. Il. 15. 437, alib.