Sophocles Ajax 231

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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AG
Enter AGAMEMNON .
And so I hear thou’lt stretch thy mouth agape
With big bold words against us undismayed—
Thou, the she-captive’s offspring! High would scale
Thy voice, and pert would be thy strutting gait,
Were but thy mother noble; since, being naught,
So stiff thou stand’st for him who is nothing now,
1230
And swear’st we came not as commanders here
Of all the Achaean navy, nor of thee;
But Aias sailed, thou say’st, with absolute right.
Must we endure detraction from a slave?
What was the man thou noisest here so proudly?
1235
Have I not set my foot as firm and far?
Or stood his valour unaccompanied
In all this host? High cause have we to rue
That prize-encounter for Pelides’ arms,
Seeing Teucer’s sentence stamps our knavery
1240
For all to know it; and nought will serve but ye,
Being vanquished, kick at the award that passed
By voice of the majority in the court,
And either pelt us with rude calumnies,
Or stab at us, ye laggards! with base guile.
1245
Howbeit, these ways will never help to build
The wholesome order of established law,
If men shall hustle victors from their right,
And mix the hindmost rabble with the van.
That craves repression. Not by bulky size,
1250
Or shoulders’ breadth, the perfect man is known;
But wisdom gives chief power in all the world.
The ox hath a huge broadside, yet is held
Right in the furrow by a slender goad;
Which remedy, I perceive, will pass ere long
1255
To visit thee, unless thy wisdom grow;
Who hast uttered forth such daring insolence
For the pale shadow of a vanished man.
Learn modestly to know thy place and birth,
And bring with thee some freeborn advocate
1260
To plead thy cause before us in thy room.
I understand not in the barbarous tongue,
And all thy talk sounds nonsense to mine ear.

Ajax. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (4)
Αἴας μαστιγοφόρος First1KGreek (Sophocles. Sophoclis Aiax. Lobeck Christian, editor. Berlin: Weidmann, 1866.) — 215-257 focus
Αἴας First1KGreek (Sophocles. Sophoclis Fabulae. Pearson, Alfred Chilton, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.) — 214-262 focus
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 231 focus
τὰ τὰσδέ τὰς δὲ τὰσδὲ δὲ πλευροκοπῶν δίχ᾽ ἀνερρήγνυ ἂν ἐρρήγνυ ἀνερρήγνυ.
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 214-262 focus
Translations (4)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 233 focus
Weh! Dorther, dorther kam er zu uns,
225
Und führte die Heerd' in gefesseltem Zug;
Und die einen erwürgt' er am Boden im Zelt,
Und die anderen hieb er mitten entzwei,
Griff zween weißfüßige Widder sodann,
Mäht' einem das Haupt und die Zunge herab,
230
Und warf sie hinweg;
Und den anderen band er am Pfeiler empor,
Und faßte den Roßzaum doppelt und schwang
Und geißelte, daß hell schwirrte der Schlag,
Schmachworte zugleich ausschüttend, die nur
235
Ein Gott, kein Mensch, ihm gelehrt hat.
Gegenstrophe.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 231 focus
Ulysses
Then hear me. By the gods I must entreat
thee.
Do not, remorseless and inhuman, east
The body forth unburied, nor permit
Authority to trample thus on justice.
E'er since our contest for Achilles' arms
To use him basely. E'en Ulysses owns,
Of all the Grecian chiefs who came from Troy
Do not deny him, then, the honours due
To worth so great ; for know, it were a crime
Not against him alone, but 'gainst the gods —
A violation of the laws divine.
To hurt the brave and virtuous after death.
Even though he lived thy foe, is infamous.
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 231 focus
Teucer
Not mine.
By stealth, and basely canst thou do
Many base deeds.
Those words shall cost hee dear.
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 214-260 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-720-1 σὲ δὴ 1

mvp-comment-720-2 τὰ δεινὰ ῥήματ’ 2

mvp-comment-720-3 ἀνοιμωκτὶ 3 ι 4 ει 5

mvp-comment-720-4 χανεῖν ῥήματα 6

mvp-comment-721-1 σέ τοι 7

mvp-comment-721-2 τὸν ἐκ τῆς 8

mvp-comment-722-1 τραφεὶς 9

mvp-comment-722-2 ὑψήλ’ ἐφώνεις 10

mvp-comment-722-3 κἀπ’ ἄκρων ὡδοιπόρεις 11

mvp-comment-723-1 ὅτε 12

mvp-comment-723-2 οὐδὲν ὢν 13 τοῦ μηδὲν … ὕπερ 14

mvp-comment-724-1 κοὔτε στρατηγοὺς 15

mvp-comment-724-2 οὔτε ναυάρχους 16

mvp-comment-724-3 Ἀχαιῶν οὔτε σοῦ 17

mvp-comment-724-4 διωμόσω 18

mvp-comment-725-1 αὐτὸς ἄρχων … ἔπλει 19

mvp-comment-726-1 δούλων 20

mvp-comment-727-1 ποίου κέκραγας ἀνδρὸς 21

mvp-comment-728-1 ποῖ βάντος 22

mvp-comment-729-1 ἄνδρες 23

mvp-comment-730-1 πικροὺς 24

mvp-comment-730-2 ἔοιγμεν 25

mvp-comment-730-3 ὅπλων ἀγῶνας 26

mvp-comment-730-4 τότε 27

mvp-comment-731-1 πανταχοῦ 28

mvp-comment-731-2 ἐκ Τεύκρου 29

mvp-comment-732-1 κοὐκ ἀρκέσει 30 εἰ 31

mvp-comment-733-1 εἴκειν ἃ … ἤρεσκεν 32

mvp-comment-734-1 κακοῖς βαλεῖτε 33

mvp-comment-734-2 σὺν δόλῳ 34

mvp-comment-734-3 κεντήσεθ’ 35

mvp-comment-734-4 οἱ λελειμμένοι 36

mvp-comment-735-1 ἐκ τῶνδε … τῶν τρόπων 37

mvp-comment-735-2 κατάστασις 38

mvp-comment-736-1 τοὺς … νικῶντας 39

mvp-comment-736-2 ἐξωθήσομεν 40

mvp-comment-736-3 τοὺς ὄπισθεν 41

mvp-comment-737-1 εἰρκτέον τάδ’ 42 πλατεῖς 43 εὐρύνωτοι 44

mvp-comment-738-1 οἱ φρονοῦντες εὖ 45

mvp-comment-739-1 ὑπὸ … πορεύεται 46

mvp-comment-739-2 σμικρᾶς 47

mvp-comment-739-3 ὀρθὸς 48

mvp-comment-740-1 φάρμακον 49

mvp-comment-740-2 νοῦν κατακτήσει 50 τινά 51

mvp-comment-741-1 ἀνδρὸς οὐκέτ’ ὄντος 52 ὑβρίζεις 53

mvp-comment-741-2 σκιᾶς 54

mvp-comment-742-1 οὐ σωφρονήσεις 55

mvp-comment-742-2 μαθὼν ὃς εἶ φύσιν 56

mvp-comment-743-1 ἄλλον τιν’ … ἐλεύθερον 57

mvp-comment-744-1 ἀντὶ σοῦ λέξει τὰ σά 58

mvp-comment-745-1 σοῦ … λέγοντος 59 μάθοιμ’ 60 οὐκέτ’ 61

mvp-comment-746-1 βάρβαρον 62

mvp-comment-746-2 ἐπαΐω 63

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

1226-1227. mvp-comment-783-1 σὲ δὴ.. ἀγγέλλουσι .. | τλῆναι] ἰ.ε. σὺ δὴ ἔτλης, ὡς ἀγγέλλουσι. τὰ δεινὰ ῥήματα] 'Those blustering words' that have been reported to me. Cp. supr. 312 and note.

1227. mvp-comment-784-1 ἀνοιμωκτί implies a half-expressed contempt of Menelaus for having let Teucer off so easily. χανεῖν is contemptuously substituted for εἰπεῖν, i. e. εἰπόντα χανεῖν, 'To utter open-mouthed.' So in supr. 1096, ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἔπη (sc. λέγοντες). The word has an association of stupid insolence, 'Have dared to open your foolish mouth so wide.'

1230. mvp-comment-785-1 κἀπ᾿ ἄκρων ὡδοιπόρεις] « 'And have strutted proudly,' lit. on tiptoe, ἐπ᾿ ἄκρων, sc. ποδῶν or δακτύλων. Hesych. ἀκρίζων. ἄκροις ποσὶν ἐπιπορευόμενος. Εὐρ. Οἰνεί. Cp. Eur. Ion 1166, 7, ἐν δ᾽ ἄκροισι βὰς ποσὶν | κῆρυξ ἀνεῖπεν.

1231. mvp-comment-786-1 ἀντέστης] Sc. ἡμῖν.

1232-1233. mvp-comment-787-1 Cp. supr. 1097-1102. The word ναυάρχους recalls δεῦρ' ἔπλευσας in 1105. Agamemnon of course greatly exaggerates what Teucer had said. Cp. Il. 1. 288, πάντων μὲν κρατέειν ἐθέλει, πάντεσσι δ᾽ ἀνάσσειν, κ.τ.λ.

1235. mvp-comment-788-1 οὐ μεγάλα ἐστὶ ταῦτα κακὰ ἀκούειν (epexegetic infin.) πρὸς δούλων; Cp. O. C. 883, ἆρ᾽ οὐχ ὕβρις τάδε;

1236. mvp-comment-789-1 ποίου.. ἀνδρός] Sc. ὑπέρ. The ellipse is possibly softened by the preposition occurring in comp. in ὑπέρφρονα, although in a different sense. Cp. O. C. 539-41 and note.

1237. mvp-comment-790-1 ποῦ βάντος] i. e. ποῖ. But in such proverbial phrases there is a constant tendency to repeat the same word. Ср. O. T. 420, 1, and note; Phil. 451. Agamemnon in the Iliad acknowledged the superior prowess of Achilles. He is less generous here. This line prepares the way for Teucer's reproaches, infr. 1272-8.

1238. mvp-comment-791-1 ἄνδρες] 'Men,' i.e. 'men deserving the name.' Cp. supr. 77, πρόσθεν οὐκ ἀνὴρ ὅδ᾽ ἦν; and note.

1239. mvp-comment-792-1 πικρούς] 'To our cost.' This is said ironically. 'Teucer's denunciation of us will indeed be a calamitous result of the trial we proclaimed.' Agamemnon carefully limits his responsibility, as Menelaus did above, supr. 1136, ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κοὐκ ἐμοί, τόδ᾽ ἐσφάλη, —to the ordainment of the contest, disclaiming all share in the verdict.

1241. mvp-comment-793-1 πανταχοῦ] ‘In all that we do.'

1243. mvp-comment-794-1 εἴκειν] Sc. τούτοις, or τοῖς δεδογμένοις, or whatever is the antecedent to ἃ.

1244-1245. mvp-comment-795-1 'But you (1) that are left' ('or (2) who are distanced') 'will either, I suppose, assail us with guileful woundings' (as Ajax did) 'or pelt us with abuse' (as you have now been doing). που is to be taken with the whole sentence, but has special reference to the suspicion expressed in σὺν δόλῳ κεντήσεθ᾽. οἱ λελειμμένοι (1) marks the correspondence between the supposed action of Ajax' surviving relatives and his own. The implied menace points through Teucer at Eurysaces. Cp. Shak. Macbeth, 3. 4. 'There the grown serpent lies; the worm, that's fled, | Hath nature that in time will venom breed, | No teeth for the present.' Or (2) οἱ λελειμμένοι resumes ἡσσημένοις, “You that are beaten in the race,' adding point to the suggestion of wounding from behind. See also l. 1249.

1250. mvp-comment-796-1 τάδ'] ‘This,' viz. Ajax' insolent claim to priority in spite of the judgment. Cp. O. C. 883, ἆρ᾽ οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ᾽;

1250-1251. mvp-comment-797-1 οὐ γὰρ .. φῶτες] 'Not the wide-shouldered or broad-backed men.' πλατύς is more expressive of mere size than μέγας. For the omission of the article with the second word, see Essay on L. § 21. p. 33 b.

1251. mvp-comment-798-1 ἀσφαλέστατοι] Either (1) 'Most to be relied upon,' in action and counsel, or (2) 'Most secure from falling.' The latter, (2) makes a more exact antithesis with κρατοῦσι.

1252. mvp-comment-799-1 κρατοῦσι πανταχοῦ] ‘Have the best of it on all occasions;' i. e. μᾶλλον ὀρθοῦνται. Cp. Plat. Phaedr. 272 Β, ὁ μὴ πειθόμενος κρατεῖ.

1253. mvp-comment-800-1 Cp. Pind. Pyth. 4. 417, βοέους δήσαις ἀνάγκα | ἔντεσιν αὐχένας ἐμβάλλων τ᾽ ἐριπλεύρῳ φυᾷ | κέντρον.

1254. mvp-comment-801-1 ὀρθὸς .. πορεύεται] 'Goes straight forward.' ὀρθός is adverbial, = τὴν εὐθεῖαν. For the γνώμη, cp. Ant. 477, σμικρῷ χαλινῷ, κ.τ.λ.

1255. mvp-comment-802-1 τοῦτ᾽.. τὸ φάρμακον] ‘This remedy,' the lash. Cp. Pind. Ol. 13. 121, ἕλὲ Βελλεροφόντας, | φάρμακον πραὺ τείνων ἀμφὶ γένυι, | ἵππον πτερόεντ'.

1257. mvp-comment-803-1 ἀνδρός] Sc. ὑπέρ. The unusual construction is softened here by the resumption from supr. 1236, and by the participle which suggests the genitive absolute. σκιᾶς] Sc. ὄντος, as if οὐδενὸς ὄντος had preceded.

1259. mvp-comment-804-1 ὃς εἶ] 'What you are.' Cp. Eur. Alc. 640, ἔδειξας . . ὃς εἶ. φύσιν is here at once 'by birth' and 'in nature.'

1262. mvp-comment-805-1 οὐκέτ'] «No longer,' i. e. 'not then (when you are speaking).' Essay on L. § 24. p. 41, 2.

1263. mvp-comment-806-1 Hesione was of Trojan, i. e. Phrygian, birth.