Ajax. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.
English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))
Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.
mvp-comment-608-1 δοκοῦντ’ ἐμοί 1
mvp-comment-608-2 δοκοῦντα δ’ 2 ὃς κραίνει στρατοῦ 3
mvp-comment-609-1 προθείς 4
mvp-comment-610-1 ἐλπίσαντες … ἄγειν 5
mvp-comment-611-1 ζητοῦντες 6
mvp-comment-611-2 Φρυγῶν 7 Τρώων 8
mvp-comment-612-1 στρατῷ ξύμπαντι 9
mvp-comment-613-1 δορί 10
mvp-comment-614-1 θεῶν τις 11
mvp-comment-614-2 ἔσβεσεν 12
mvp-comment-615-1 τήνδ’ … τύχην 13 θανόντες 14 ἣν ὅδ’ εἴληχεν τύχην 15 τήνδ’ 16 λαχόντες 17
mvp-comment-615-2 προὐκείμεθ’ 18
mvp-comment-615-3 αἰσχίστῳ 19 ἐχθίστῳ 20 ἀθλίῳ 21
mvp-comment-616-1 ἐνήλλαξεν 22
mvp-comment-616-2 μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας 23
mvp-comment-616-3 1062 f. The acc. αὐτὸν 24 σῶμα 25
mvp-comment-616-4 τυμβεῦσαι τάφῳ 26
mvp-comment-617-1 ἀμφὶ … ψάμαθον 27
mvp-comment-617-2 χλωρὰν 28
mvp-comment-617-3 λευρὰν 29
mvp-comment-618-1 ὄρνισι 30
mvp-comment-619-1 πρὸς ταῦτα 31
mvp-comment-619-2 ἐξάρῃς 32
mvp-comment-620-1 εἰ … μὴ )δυνήθημεν 33
mvp-comment-621-1 χερσὶν παρευθύνοντες 34 χερσὶν 35 ὅπου 36
mvp-comment-622-1 κακοῦ πρὸς ἀνδρὸς 37
mvp-comment-622-2 ἄνδρα 38 ὄντα 39
mvp-comment-623-1 καλῶς φέροιντ’ ἄν 40
mvp-comment-623-2 ἔνθα μὴ 41
mvp-comment-624-1 φόβου πρόβλημα 42
mvp-comment-624-2 αἰδοῦς 43
mvp-comment-625-1 κἂν σῶμα γεννήσῃ μέγα 44
mvp-comment-625-2 κἂν ἀπὸ σμ. κακοῦ 45 κἂν 46 ἀπὸ 47
mvp-comment-626-1 πρόσεστιν 48
mvp-comment-626-2 αἰσχύνη 49
mvp-comment-627-1 ὅπου … παρῇ 50
mvp-comment-627-2 βούλεται 51
mvp-comment-628-1 νόμιζε 52 χρόνῳ ποτὲ … πεσεῖν 53 ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν 54 ποτ’ ἂν 55
mvp-comment-628-2 ἐξ οὐρίων 56
mvp-comment-629-1 ἑστάτω 57
mvp-comment-629-2 μοι 58
mvp-comment-629-3 καὶ δέος 59 καίριον 60
mvp-comment-630-1 ἃν ἡδώμεθα 61
1050. mvp-comment-676-1 δοκοῦντα (neut. pl.) is governed by εἶπον, understood from ἀνήλωσας λόγον. The participle gives the reason, i.e. διὰ τὸ δοκεῖν. 'The cause is in my will.' For the ellipse of the antecedent to ὅς, cp. especially Trach. 1233, τίς γάρ ποθ', ἥ μοι, κ.τ.λ.
1051. mvp-comment-677-1 προθείς] Sc. κελεύεις ταῦτα, again 'understood' from the preceding lines. Cp. especially O. T. 1154, 5, οὐχ ὡς τάχος τις τοῦδ᾽ ἀποστρέψει χέρας; ΘΕ. δύστηνος, ἀντὶ τοῦ; τί προσχρήζων μαθεῖν;
1054. mvp-comment-678-1 ζητοῦντες] i.e. ἐξετάζοντες, ‘In the trial.'
1057. mvp-comment-679-1 τήνδε πεῖραν ἔσβεσεν] For this metaphorical use of σβεννύω, cp. Heracl. fr. 103, ed Bywater, ὕβριν χρὴ σβεννύειν, μᾶλλον ἢ πυρκαϊήν.
1058. mvp-comment-680-1 τήνδ', ἣν .. τύχην] The governing word λαχόντες is absorbed, leaving τήνδε (τύχην) as an accusative in apposition with the sentence.
1059. mvp-comment-681-1 θανόντες ἂν προὐκείμεθα] 'We should have died and been cast forth.' In order to justify his own violence, Menelaus imagines Ajax (if successful) as usurping the command of the army, and forbidding the burial of the generals whom he had slain.
1061. mvp-comment-682-1 πεσεῖν] An epexegetic infinitive, completing the imperfect construction of πρὸς μῆλα, κ.τ.λ. By a slight inversion the insult ( ὕβριν), instead of the objects of the insult, is put into the accusative after ἐνήλλαξεν. The meaning is that some divine power (which the spectator knows to be Athena's) exchanged one victim of Ajax' fury for another.
1063. mvp-comment-683-1 σῶμα τυμβεῦσαι τάφῳ] Το 'give his corpse the honours of a tomb.' See Essay on L. § 17. p. 25 c; also ibid. § 16. p. 236. Menelaus dwells with mocking iteration upon the privilege which he denies.
1064. mvp-comment-684-1 ἀμφὶ.. ἐκβεβλημένος] 'Cast forth here or there on the humid sand.' The vague ἀμφί implies 'casually here or there, as carried by the waves.' Cp. Aesch. Pers. 576, 7, κναπτόμενοι δ᾽ ἁλὶ δεινὰ | σκύλλονται πρὸς ἀναύδων | παίδων τῆς ἀμιάντου.
1064. mvp-comment-684-2 χλωράν probably here refers not to colour but to moisture, i.e. that part of the sands which the sea has moistened. So in Trach. 849, χλωρὰν . . δακρύων ἄχναν, 'moist dew of tears.'
1066. mvp-comment-685-1 μηδὲν.. μένος] « 'By no means let thy spirit rise threateningly.' μηδέν is adverbial, and δεινόν predicative.
1069. mvp-comment-686-1 παρευθύνοντες] 'Keeping him in order.' Cp. supr. 72, ἀπευθύνοντα, and note. The composition with παρά suggests the image of a slave-driver walking beside a gang of slaves and keeping them in line.
1069-1070. mvp-comment-687-1 i.e. 'I knew him too well in life to suppose that he will listen to reason.' Such appears to be the force of the opposition between χερσίν and λόγων here. This, said of the dead man, of course conveys the acme of brutal scorn. Cp. Shakespeare, Hamlet, 3. 4, “Indeed, this counsellor | Is now most still, most secret, and most grave.” For ὅπου, transferred from place to occasion, cp. infr. 1100.
1071. mvp-comment-688-1 ἄνδρα is almost a pronoun (Essay on L. § 22. p. 37, 5), and hence the repetition is not felt. 'It is vile conduct, for one of the people to disobey.' The γνώμη is first stated as applicable to a city, and then in 1075 applied (with the emphatic γε) to the case of an army.
1073-1076. mvp-comment-689-1 'As in a city the laws cannot have due course if there be no established fear, so neither can a whole army be wisely disciplined without some safeguard of respect and awe.' For καλῶς φέροιντ᾽ ἄν, cp. Thuc. 5. 16, εὖ φερόμενος ἐν στρατηγίαις: ib. 2. 60, καλῶς φερόμενος .. τὸ καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν.
1075. mvp-comment-690-1 ἄρχοιτ' is a late correction in L² for ἄγοιτ'? ἔτι] 'Any longer;' i.e. 'When once respect is lost, good conduct is at an end.'
1077. mvp-comment-691-1 κἂν σῶμα γεννήσῃ μέγα] 'Though he be owner (lit. parent) of a mighty frame.' This is a bold extension of the idiom by which unconscious and mechanical actions are attributed to the subject, and one is said φῦσαι ὀδόντας, ‘To have grown teeth,' etc. See Essay on L. § 30. p. 52 d; and cp. especially O. C. 149, 50, ἀλαῶν ὀμμάτων .. φυτάλμιος, and note. Menelaus insinuates that the bulky frame of Ajax was his chief qualification.
1079. mvp-comment-692-1 Cp. Thuc. 2. 37. § 4, διὰ δέος .. οὐ παρανομοῦμεν: ib. 43. § 1, τολμῶντες καὶ γιγνώσκοντες τὰ δέοντα καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις αἰσχυνόμενοι.
1081-1082. mvp-comment-693-1 ὅπου. ταύτην] For this correlation, cp. supr. 496, 7, εἰ γὰρ θάνῃς ταύτῃ τῇ τόθ᾽ ἡμέρᾳ. ἃ βούλεται] Sc. τις.
1083. mvp-comment-694-1 ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν] 'Must lose her fair course and founder in the deep.' The aorist denotes what is certain in the future, as in Aesch. Prom. 667, 8, πυρωπὸν ἐκ Διὸς μολεῖν | κεραυνόν. ἐξ οὐρίων (neut. pl.) = ἐκ τοῦ οὐρίου δρόμου, just as οὔρια θεῖν = ἐς οὔριον δρόμον θεῖν (L. and S. s. ν. οὔριος, Ι. 1). Cp. Aesch. Prom. 883, 4, ἔξω δὲ δρόμου φέρομαι | λύσσης πνεύματι μάργῳ: Pind. Pyth. 11. 60, ἤ μέ τις ἄνεμος ἔξω πλόου | ἔβαλεν, ὡς ὅτ᾽ ἄκατον εἰναλίαν. It is true that, as Lobeck remarks, ἐξ οὐρίων, sc. πνευμάτων, is used by late writers as equivalent to ἐξ οὐρίας, sc. πνοῆς, – 'With a fair wind.' But what meaning can be attached to this phrase here? 'Will run a straight course to the bottom'? or, 'Will have a fair voyage, and then sink'? The former is nonsensical, and in the latter the oxymoron has no such point as in O. Τ. 423, ἄνορμον εἰσέπλευσας, εὐπλοίας τυχών. Or, if it is proposed to render, 'After once having had prosperity, will run on and founder in the depths,' the introduction of the participle is inconsistent with this use of ἐξ, for which, however, cp. Thuc. 1. 120, ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν.
1084. mvp-comment-695-1 Lobeck says on this verse, 'Perquam apte hoc Menelaus dicit ex Spartanorum institutis, qui Timoris aedem consecraverunt juxta triclinium Ephororum, τὴν πολιτείαν μάλιστα συνέχεσθαι φόβῳ νομίζοντες, Plutarch. V. Cleom. c. 9. 808 D.' The words of Pericles in Thuc. 2. 37 (quoted on l. 1079, supr.), would rather show that this part of Menelaus' speech reflects the feelings of the 'party of order' at Athens. The coryphaeus ( infr. 1091) approves of the general tenor of the speech. For ἑστάτω, of a fixed sentiment, cp. Thuc. 3. 9, τὸ .. καθεστός.
1085. mvp-comment-696-1 δρῶντες ἂν ἡδώμεθα] Sc. δρῶντες.
1086. mvp-comment-697-1 ἂν λυπώμεθα] Sc. ἀποτίνοντες. For the mood, which is here partly due to the parallelism of ἡδώμεθα, cp. O. C. 190 (according to one reading), ἵν᾽ ἂν εἴπωμεν. It may be explained as an instance of prolepsis, a consequence being treated as a condition. The first person is idiomatic, i.e. 'Let not men think.'
1087. mvp-comment-698-1 ταῦτα] τὸ ἥδεσθαι καὶ τὸ τίνειν, 'These things go by turns.' i. e. pleasure brings pain. In the following lines he returns from general reflections to the case in point.