Sophocles Trachiniae 165

Lewis Campbell (Translator)

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HER
972
Many hot toils and hard beyond report,
980
With sturdy thews and sinews I have borne,
980
But no such labour hath the Thunderer’s wife
980
Or sour Eurystheus ever given, as this,
980
Which Oeneus’ daughter of the treacherous eye
Hath fastened on my back, this amply-woven
Net of the Furies, that is breaking me.
For, glued unto my side, it hath devoured
My flesh to the bone, and lodging in the lungs
It drains the vital channels, and hath drunk
The fresh life-blood, and ruins all my frame,
Foiled in the tangle of a viewless bond.
Yet me nor War-host, nor Earth’s giant brood,
Nor Centaur’s monstrous violence could subdue,
Nor Hellas, nor the Stranger, nor all lands
Where I have gone, cleansing the world from harms.
But a soft woman without manhood’s strain
Alone and weaponless hath conquered me.
Son, let me know thee mine true-born, nor rate
985
Thy mother’s claim beyond thy sire’s, but bring
985
Thyself from out the chambers to my hand
985
Her body that hath borne thee, that my heart
985
May be assured, if lesser than my pain
It will distress thee to behold her limbs
With righteous torment agonized and torn.
Nay, shrink not, son, but pity me, whom all
May pity—me, who, like a tender girl,
Am heard to weep aloud! This none could say
He knew in me of old; for, murmuring not,
I went with evil fortune, silent still.
Now, such a foe hath found the woman in me!
Ay, but come near; stand by me, and behold
What cause I have for crying. Look but here!
Here is the mystery unveiled. O see!
Ye people, gaze on this poor quivering flesh,
Look with compassion on my misery!
1017
Ah me!
Ah! ah! Again!
Even now the hot convulsion of disease
Shoots through my side, and will not let me rest
From this fierce exercise of wearing woe.
Take me, O King of Night!
O sudden thunderstroke.
Smite me! O sire, transfix me with the dart
Of thy swift lightning! Yet again that fang
Is tearing; it hath blossomed forth anew,
It soars up to the height!
1024
O breast and back,
O shrivelling arms and hands, ye are the same
That crushed the dweller of the Némean wild,
The lion unapproachable and rude,
The oxherd’s plague, and Hydra of the lake
Of Lerna, and the twi-form prancing throng
Of Centaurs,—insolent, unsociable,
Lawless, ungovernable:—the tuskèd pest
1025
Of Erymanthine glades; then underground
1025
Pluto’s three-headed cur—a perilous fear,
1025
Born from the monster-worm; and, on the verge
Of Earth, the dragon, guarding fruits of gold.
These toils and others countless I have tried,
And none hath triumphed o’er me. But to-day,
Jointless and riven to tatters, I am wrecked
Thus utterly by imperceptible woe;
I, proudly named Alcmena’s child, and His
Who reigns in highest heaven, the King supreme!
Ay, but even yet, I tell ye, even from here,
Where I am nothingness and cannot move,
She who hath done this deed shall feel my power.
1044cont2
Let her come near, that, mastered by my might,
She may have this to tell the world, that, dying,
As living, I gave punishment to wrong.

Trachiniae. Sophocles. Lewis Campbell (Translator). London, New York and Toronto. 1906.

Current edition Experimental

English (Lewis Campbell, 1906) (OCR draft) (English) (English (Lewis Campbell, 1906))

Provisional text from uncorrected OCR; expect errors.

Editions (2)
Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) — 165 focus
χώρας ἀπείη ἀπήει ἀπείη ἀπίη κἀνιαύσιος βεβώς,
165
Greek (F. Storr, 1912) (OCR draft) Experimental (Greek (F. Storr, 1912)) — 141-204 focus
Translations (4)
German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review) (OCR draft) Experimental (German (J. J. C. Donner, 1875; OCR review)) — 180 focus
Ich bin der erste Bote, der von deiner Angst
Dich löst, o Deianeira; denn Alkmene's Sohn
175
Er lebt, und kommt als Sieger, und vom Kampfe bringt
Er unsers Landes Göttern hier die Erstlinge.
English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Thomas Francklin, 1758–1759)) — 165 focus
Hercules
But say, who
1140
Could give her this?
1140
Hyl The savage centaur Nessus,
1140
Who did persuade her it would restore thy love
1140
Given to another wife.
1140
English (Robert Potter, 1788) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Robert Potter, 1788)) — 165 focus
Hercules
Ye hallow'd altars, whose firm base is fix'd
On high Cenæum, what a recompense
For all my victims to unhappy me
English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904) (OCR draft) Experimental (English (Sir Richard Jebb, 1904)) — 141-495 focus

Commentary

Commentary (R. C. Jebb) (OCR draft) (Commentary (R. C. Jebb))

mvp-comment-498-1 τί πάθω; τί δὲ μήσομαι 1

mvp-comment-499-1 ὠμόφρονος 2

mvp-comment-500-1 προπετής 3

mvp-comment-500-2 δακὼν 4

mvp-comment-501-1 οὐ μὴ )ξεγερεῖς 5

mvp-comment-501-2 κάτοχον 6

mvp-comment-502-1 φοιτάδα 7

mvp-comment-503-1 ἀλλ’ ἐπί μοι 8

mvp-comment-503-2 ἄπλετον 9 ἄπλετον 10 ἐμμέμονε 11 ἐπί 12 μοι 13

mvp-comment-504-1 ὦ Ζεῦ 14

mvp-comment-504-2 τοῖσι 15

mvp-comment-504-3 πεπονημένος 16

mvp-comment-504-4 ἀλλήκτοις 17

mvp-comment-505-1 οἴμοι <μοι> 18 μοι 19 ὀδύναις 20 ὧδ’ 21

mvp-comment-506-1 ἡ δ’ 22 ἅδ’ 23

mvp-comment-506-2 βρύκει 24

mvp-comment-507-1 ἆρ’ ἐξῄδη 25

mvp-comment-507-2 ἐξῄδη ς’ 26 ἐξῄδης 27 ἐξῄδησθ’ 28

mvp-comment-507-3 κεύθειν — σκεδάσαι 29

mvp-comment-508-1 κρατὸς βλεφάρων θ’ 30 βλεφάρων ὕπνον 31

mvp-comment-509-1 στέρξαιμι 32

mvp-comment-510-1 Κηναία 33

mvp-comment-510-2 κρηπὶς 34

mvp-comment-511-1 ἱερῶν οἵων 35 ἐπί μοι 36 ἠνύσω 37 ἤνυσας 38 ἤνυσας 39

mvp-comment-511-2 ὦ Ζεῦ 40

mvp-comment-512-1 ἔθου με λώβαν 41

mvp-comment-513-1 ἣν 42 ἣν … ὄσσοις 43

mvp-comment-513-2 μή ποτ’ 44 προσιδεῖν 45 ὤφελον 46

mvp-comment-513-3 ἀκήλητον 47

mvp-comment-513-4 καταδερχθῆναι 48

mvp-comment-514-1 ἀοιδός 49

mvp-comment-514-2 τίς ὁ χειροτέχνης 50 ὃς 51

mvp-comment-514-3 χωρὶς Ζηνὸς 52

mvp-comment-515-1 θαῦμ’ ἂν πόρρωθεν ἰδοίμην 53 πόρρωθεν 54 θ<*>μα 55

mvp-comment-516-1 This passage consists of lyrics delivered by actors (

ἀπὸ σκηνῆς
). As the Chorus takes no part in it, it is not technically a
κομμός
, which is a
θρῆνος κοινὸς χοροῦ καὶ ἀπὸ σκηνῆς
.

mvp-comment-516-2 The lyric structure is complex, but not obscure. The passage falls into two main parts, separated by the five hexameters in 1018—1022 (

ὦ παῖ τοῦδ’ ἀνδρὸς...νέμει Ζεύς
). I. The first part consists of 1004—1017, in which the first three verses correspond metrically with the last three. II. The second part consists of 1023—1043. (It is equal in length with the first part, though the traditional numbering makes it appear longer.) Here, the first four verses correspond with the last four. Then the central portion of part I. corresponds with the central portion of part II. Thus: (1) 1st strophe, 1004—1006,=1st antistr., 1015—1017. (2) 2nd str., 1007—1009,=2nd antistr., 1027—1030. (3) 3rd str., 1023—1026, =3rd antistr., 1040—1043. The dactyls in 1010—1014, and 1031—1040, could also be regarded as forming a fourth strophe and antistrophe.—For the metres see Metrical Analysis.

mvp-comment-517-1 ἐᾶτέ μ’, ἐᾶτε … εὐνᾶσθαι 56 εὐνᾶσαι 57 ὕστατον 58 εὐνάσαι 59 δύστανον 60 δύσμορον 61 ὕστατον 62 ἐᾶθ’ ὕστατον εὐνᾶσθαι 63 μολὼν τοῦ στυγεροῦ; φεῦ φεῦ 64

mvp-comment-518-1 πᾷ … ψαύεις 65 πᾷ 66

mvp-comment-519-1 ἀνατέτροφας 67

mvp-comment-519-2 ὅ τι καὶ μύσῃ 68

mvp-comment-520-1 ἥδ’ 69

mvp-comment-520-2 πόθεν ἔστ’ 70 πόθεν ἐστέ 71

mvp-comment-521-1 οὓς 72 καθαίρων 73 οἷς 74

mvp-comment-522-1 ἐν πόντῳ 75

mvp-comment-522-2

κατά τε
after
πολλὰ μὲν
: cp. Ant.1162
σώσας μὲν
... |
λαβών τε
(n.).

mvp-comment-522-3 δρία 76

mvp-comment-522-4 καὶ νῦν … οὐκ ἐπιτρέψει 77 οὐκ 78 ἀποτρέψει 79

mvp-comment-522-5 τῷδε 80

mvp-comment-522-6 πῦρ 81

mvp-comment-522-7 ἔγχος 82

mvp-comment-522-8 1016 f. The MS. reading,

ἀπαράξαι κρᾶτα βίου
, is explained as, ‘to sever the head from life,’— i.e., to destroy life by striking the head from the body. This extraordinary phrase is surely not Greek. It has been supported by a corrupt verse of Eur. , Helen. 302,
σμικρὸν
(
σμικρὸς
Badham)
δ’ ὁ καιρὸς ἄρτ’ ἀπαλλάξαι βίου
: where Keil reads
ἄρθῤ
, Nauck
κρᾶτ’
, and Hermann
σάρκ’
. But, whatever be read there,
ἀπαλλάξαι βίου
is widely different from
ἀπαράξαι βίου
. I hold, with Paley, that Wakefield's βίᾳ 83 τοῦ στυγεροῦ 84

mvp-comment-523-1 τοὔργον τόδε 85

mvp-comment-523-2 μεῖζον 86 ἀνήκει 87

mvp-comment-524-1 ἢ κατ ἐμὰν ῥώμαν 88

mvp-comment-524-2 σοὶ γὰρ ἑτοίμα 89 ἐς πλέον ἢ δἰ ἐμοῦ σῴζειν 90

mvp-comment-524-3 The MSS. give σοί τε γὰρ ὄμμα 91 ἔμπλεον ἢ δἰ ἐμοῦ σῴζειν 92 ἢ 93

mvp-comment-524-4 The MS. words, σοί τε γὰρ ὄμμα 94 ὄμμα 95 τε 96 σοί τε γὰρ ὄμμα 97 σοὶ γὰρ ἑτοίμα 98 οίμα 99 ὄμμα 100

mvp-comment-524-5 In the Appendix are given the proposed explanations of the vulgate, and various conjectures.

mvp-comment-525-1 λαθίπονον δ’ ὀδυνᾶν 101 ἐξανύσαι 102 βίοτον 103 ἔστι οἱ 104 μοι 105 ἔνδοθεν 106

mvp-comment-525-2 θύραθεν 107 ὀδύναν … βιότου 108

mvp-comment-525-3 τοιαῦτα νέμει Ζεύς 109

mvp-comment-526-1 τᾷδε 110 τᾷδέ με … πρόσλαβε κουφίσας 111 πρόσλαβέ με 112 κουφίσας 113

mvp-comment-527-1 ἰὼ δαῖμον 114

mvp-comment-528-1 θρῴσκει 115

mvp-comment-528-2 ἀποτίβατος 116

mvp-comment-529-1 Παλλάς 117

mvp-comment-530-1 φύτοῤ 118 τὸν φύσαντ’ οἴκτιῤ 119 οἴκτιῤ 120 φύτοῤ 121 φύσαντ’ 122

mvp-comment-530-2 ἀνεπίφθονον 123

mvp-comment-531-1 ἐμᾶς ὑπὸ κλῇδος 124

mvp-comment-531-2 ἐχόλωσεν 125 ἐχόλησεν 126

mvp-comment-532-1 αὔτως 127

mvp-comment-532-2 γλυκὺς 128

mvp-comment-533-1 αὐθαίμων 129

mvp-comment-534-1 ὠκυπέτᾳ 130

Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879) (OCR draft) (Commentary (Lewis Campbell, 1879)) focus

968. mvp-comment-699-1 Heracles, borne by attendants, now comes in sight. Hyllus either meets (supr. 902, note), or enters with them. For the verbal ἀναύδατος, cp. Ο. Τ. 191, περιβόατος. The polyschematism, or displacement of the trisyllabic foot (--) has troubled the critics, some of whom read φθίμενον for θανόντα, and some θάνατον, sc. κατά. But it is by no means certain that this metrical variation is impossible.

972. mvp-comment-700-1 τί πάθω] What is to happen to me?' Cp. Ο. C. 216, ὤμοι ἐγώ, τί πάθω, τέκνον ἐμόν;

974. mvp-comment-701-1 μὴ κινήσῃς] ‘Lest thou shouldst rouse.'

975. mvp-comment-702-1 ὠμόφρονος] 'Wild of mood.' The old man retains a vivid impression of what he has seen at Cenaeum, and on the voyage.

976. mvp-comment-703-1 ζῇ γὰρ προπετής] 'For he lives, though at the point of death.᾽ εἰς τὸν θάνατον προνενευκώς. Schol. Cp. supr. l. 701, τοιόνδε κεῖται προπετές, and note. The meaning is, (a) He is not quite dead, (b) He is all but dead. δακών] 'With clenched teeth.' Cp. Aristoph. Nub. 1368, 9, κάνταῦθα πῶς οἴεσθέ μου τὴν καρδίαν ὀρεχθεῖν; ὅμως δὲ τὸν θυμὸν δακὼν ἔφην, κ.τ.λ. Join στόμα both with ἴσχε and δακών.

977. mvp-comment-704-1 ἡ ζῇ] ἡ expresses doubtful eagerness. 'Does he really live?'

979. mvp-comment-705-1 κἀναστήσεις] The pain is imagined as a wild beast, which for the present is couched in slumber. For ἐκκινήσεις, cp. Εl. 567. 8, ἐξεκίνησεν ποδοῖν | στικτὸν κεράστην ἔλαφον.

980. mvp-comment-706-1 φοιτάδα] 'Wild.' If the malady is once awakened, there is no saying whither it may run.

982-983. mvp-comment-707-1 ἐπί μοι, φρήν] ‘My feelings rush upon me with resistless force.' Sophocles probably connects ἄπλετος with ἄπλατος. βάρος ἄπλετον is accusative in apposition with the action of ἐμμέμονε. Cp. Eur. I. T. 655. Heracles now awakes in delirium.

984. mvp-comment-708-1 παρὰ τοῖσι] This form of the dative of rís is rare. Cp. Hdt. 1.37, τέοισι ὄμμασι, 2. 81.

985. mvp-comment-709-1 ἀλλήκτοις] Epic for ἀλήκτοις.

986-987. mvp-comment-710-1 For the two paroemiacs, cp. infr. 1006-8, El. 88, 9, 105, 6.

987. mvp-comment-711-1 ἡ δ᾽ αὐ] The disease is again spoken of as a living thing. Cp. Phil. 758, ἥκει γὰρ αὕτη, κ.τ.λ.

988. mvp-comment-712-1 ἐξήδης] Hast thou now learnt?'

989. mvp-comment-713-1 σιγῇ κεύθειν] (1) To remain shrouded in silence, κεύθω being used intransitively as in Ο. Τ. 968, κεύθει κάτω δὴ γῆς. This is better than (2) To hide (what you might wish to say).

991-992. mvp-comment-714-1 πῶς ἂν | στέρξαιμι] ‘How to endure,' i. e. so as to keep silence. Valcknaer's conjecture, στέξαιμι, is based on a mistaken reading of O. T. 11, q. v. The division of l. 991 (cp. supr 981) is allowable in the freer sort of anapaestic verse that is used in laments.

993. mvp-comment-715-1 ὦ Κηναία κρηπίς βωμῶν] Cenean support of altars; i.e. Rock of Cenaeum, on which the altars are set.

995. mvp-comment-716-1 ἱερῶν . . ἠνύσω] ‘What glorious victims did I offer upon thee, and what a return of misery hast thou (for thy part) accomplished for me! In the MS. reading (see v. rr.) ἀντί and θυμάτων are due to glosses. Mr. Paley objects το ἐπί μοι. But cp. Phil. 1139, О. С. 414, and see Essay on L. § 44. p. 83, g.

996. mvp-comment-717-1 ἠνύσω· ὦ Ζεῦ,] According to this punctuation, the words & Ζεῦ are not a passing exclamation, but an address to his Father, to whom he suddenly turns, accusing him as the first cause of all (cp. infr. 1278). So Hermann. For the two accusatives after ἔθου, cp. Eur. Οr. 1038, ὕβρισμα θέμενος τὸν ᾿Αγαμέμνονος γόνον.

998. mvp-comment-718-1 foll. ἣν μήποτ᾽ ἐγὼ.. καταδερχθῆναι] Heracles, in his delirium, confuses the effect with the cause, ἣν .. ὅσσοις referring to the sacrificial robe (cp. infr. 1048-52). There would be something feeble in his merely wishing that he had not experienced this trouble. And ὄσσοις would then be inappropriate. Wunder supposes Κηναία κρηπίς to be the antecedent to ἥν; but this is of course inconsistent with our punctuation, and is forced in any case.

999-1000. mvp-comment-719-1 τόδε . · καταδερχθῆναι is epexegetic of προσιδεῖν. In what follows ἀκήλητον is taken up and expanded. μανίας ἄνθος] 'Bloom of madness,' i.e. madness in the highest degree. Cp. Ant. 959, 60, οὕτω τᾶς μανίας δεινὸν ἀποστάζει | ἀνθηρόν τε μένος.

1001. mvp-comment-720-1 τίς γὰρ ἀοιδός] 'For what charmer, what master of the healing craft so famous?' etc. Incantations were regarded as a branch of medicine. Cp. Aj. 582, and note. Hermann rightly defends d, which Erfurdt had condemned: 'Incipit poeta, ut si dicturus sit, τίς ἀοιδὸς κατακηλήσει ; tum mutata structura pergit, τίς ὁ χειροτέχνης ἰατορίας, ὃς κατακηλήσει;' Besides giving an antecedent to ὅs, the article asks for one great physician to be named. What charmer, - or who is he, the famed physician?' etc.

1003. mvp-comment-721-1 χωρίς Ζηνός] 'Save only Ζεύς,' who has power to heal as to destroy.

1004. mvp-comment-722-1 θαῦμ᾿ ἂν πόρρωθεν ἰδοίμην] Hermann placed a mark of interrogation after this line, understanding it to mean, 'Am I likely to see a miracle coming from afar?" This is hardly satisfactory. It seems better to take θαῦμα as an adverbial accusative. Cp. supr. 982, βάρος ἄπλετον. • Mine eyes would hail him wonderingly from afar.'

1004. mvp-comment-722-2 foll. ἐ ἔ, κ.τ.λ.] Heracles thus addresses those who approach to lift him from the litter to the bed. Hyllus takes him in his arms and places him there. while he speaks ll. 1007, 8. The outburst that follows, ll. 1009 foll., is made from the bed.

1008. mvp-comment-723-1 ἀντέτροφας ὅ τι καὶ μύσῃ] ‘ If aught of the evil slumber for a moment, you disturb it again.' Wunder complains of the want of correspondence between protasis and apodosis in respect of mood. But the combination of categorical with hypothetical expression is not uncommon even in prose. Cp. e.g. Plat. Phaedr. 244 Α. οὐκ ἔστ᾿ ἔτυμος λόγος ὃς ἂν φῇ. The subjunctive here suggests the doubt whether there has really been a moment of ease; i.e. 'You wake what sleeps if there be aught that sleeps.' Cp. Aj. 1160, and note. Linwood by substituting μύσαι, the optative for the subjunctive, evades the difficulty. ἀν(α)τέτροφας is perfect of ἀνατρέπω with present meaning.

1009. mvp-comment-724-1 πόθεν ἔστ'] The Scholiast says, τὴν δὲ ἐκ τόπου σχέσιν εἶπεν ἀντὶ τῆς ἐν τόπῳ, ὡς σχεδόθεν δὲ οἱ ἦλθεν ᾿Αθήνη (Od. 2, 267), ἀντὶ τοῦ σχεδύν. So ἐγγύθεν ἐλθών, Il. 11. 396. As Hermann truly says, there is a reason to be rendered for every such expression, and here the meaning is, From whence do you show yourselves?' because none appeared from any quarter.

1010. mvp-comment-725-1 πάντων .. ἀνέρες] Either (1) 'Ye most unrighteous of all Greeks:' or, (2) supposing the genitive not to be governed by the superlative, but to be a partitive gen. with ἀδικώτατοι ἄνδρες. 'Ye most unrighteous' (i. e. ungrateful) 'men in every part of Hellas.' See Essay on L. § 10. p. 17, 6. He does not expect aid from barbarians, though he has cleansed barbarous countries too. οὓς δή] Hermann suggested ols, but it is better to retain oὕs, the inhabitants being put for the countries, with the additional notion of benefits conferred on them, and to take πολλά adverbially; i. e. ὧν γαῖαν καθαίρων, κ.τ.λ. Cp. infr. 1061.

1011. mvp-comment-726-1 i.e. πολλὰ μὲν ἐν πόντῳ, πολλὰ δὲ κατὰ δρία πάντα, κτ.λ.

1012. mvp-comment-727-1 Heracles calls not for healing (cp. supr. 1001 foll.), but for instant death. Cp. Phil. 747-50, 799-801.

1013. mvp-comment-728-1 For the negatives, see E. on L. § 29. p. 48, 1.

1015-1016. mvp-comment-729-1 The interpretation of the Scholiast (οὐδεὶς ἐκείνων, φησί, βούλεται ἐλθὼν τὴν κεφαλήν μου ἀποτεμεῖν, καὶ ἐλευθερῶσαι τοῦ μοχθηροῦ βίου) suggests a slightly different text. Hermann would read λύων for μολών. Another expedient is to read ἀπαράξας κρᾶτα βίου θέλει | λῦσαι τοῦ στυγεροῦ. The Scholiast may have read λῦσαι μολών. Then λῦσαι having been dropped, through similarity to the last syllable of θέλει, ἀπαράξας would be changed to ἀπαράξαι for the sense.

1017. mvp-comment-730-1 ὦ παῖ τοῦδ᾽ ἀνδρός] 'Son of Heracles here!' It is strange that this expression should have given any trouble, when the much more vague ὦ παῖ κείνου τἀνδρός is so familiar in prose.

1019. mvp-comment-731-1 σοί τε γάρ. σώζειν] 'For indeed thou hast a fulness of resource beyond what I can do to save him.' The language is obscure, but has not the appearance of being corrupt. The Epic use of re may be compared with the digammated of in l. 650, or ἀποτίβατος, infr. 1030. Ας βλέπειν sometimes = ζῆν, so ὄμμα may be put by synecdoche for keenness of the faculties generally. And the ellipse of μᾶλλον ( E. on L. § 39. p. 73 ) may be accounted for by ἔμπλεον suggesting ἔνι πλέον. δι' ἐμοῦ σώζειν = τὸ δι᾽ ἐμοῦ σώζεσθαι αὐτόν, 'The hope of saving him through me.'

1021. mvp-comment-732-1 λαθίπονον δ᾽ ὀδυνᾶν] Essay on L. § 40. p. 75, § 55. p. 101. οὔτ᾽ ἔνδοθεν οὔτε θύραθεν] (1) 'Neither by my own resources nor with help from others.' Or, (2) 'Neither from within nor from without,' distinguishing between the inward pain of Heracles and the cares which press upon him. Cp. Ο.Τ. 1318, κέντρων τε τῶνδ' οἴστρημα καὶ μνήμη κακῶν : Milton, Samson Agonistes, l. 18, Ease to the body some, none to the mind.' For a similar expression, cp. supr. 730, 4 μηδέν ἐστ᾽ *οἶκοι βαρύ.

1022. mvp-comment-733-1 τοιαῦτα νέμει Ζεύς] 'The Father holds such things in his power.' Cp. Phil. 843, τάδε μὲν θεὸς ὄψεται. Others understand, So fearful is the trouble dispensed by Zeus.'

1023. mvp-comment-734-1 ποῦ ποτ' εἰ Heracles recognizes the voice of Hyllus, but is too much distracted to perceive him otherwise at first. Cp. Phil. 805, ποῦ ποτ᾿ ὤν, τέκνον, κυρεῖς; Then presently he directs him how to hold and turn him for greater ease.

1030. mvp-comment-735-1 ἀποτίβατος] 'Unapproachable, i. e. Irresistible or intractable. Cp. Αj. 255, τὸν αἰσ᾽ ἄπλατος ἴσχει,

1031. mvp-comment-736-1 ἰὼ ἰώ] ἰὼ ἰὼ. *φύσαντ'] The MSS. have τὸν φύσαντ', for which some (Dindorf) would substitute τὸν φύτορ', others τὸν πατέρ'. The spondaic rhythm prevails throughout these five hexameter lines, and the omission of the article may be excused by saying that the participle is not = ὃς ἔφυσα, but = εἰ (or ἐπεὶ) ἔφυσα.

1032. mvp-comment-737-1 ἀνεπίφθονον] 'Blameless:' i.e. no one could upbraid Hyllus for slaying his father under the circumstances.

1035. mvp-comment-738-1 παῖσον] For the asyndeton, which is expressive, cp. Phil. 747-9, πρὸς θεῶν, πρόχειρον εἴ τί σοι, τέκνον, πάρα | ξίφος χεροῖν, πάταξον εἰς ἄκρον πόδα· | ἀπάμησον ὡς τάχιστα, μὴ φείσῃ βίου. ἄχος, ᾧ μ᾿ ἐχόλωσεν] The grief wherewith thy mother has enraged me.' Physical pain. however vividly portrayed, is never the chief point of tragic interest in Sophocles. The wrath of the foiled hero, which he is unable to wreak, is the bitterest pang of all.

1036. mvp-comment-739-1 ἄθεος] 'God abandoned.' Either ος is long in arsi, before the pause, or (as in text) τάν should be read for ἄν.