Κατὰ ποίαν ἀναλογίαν ὁ τῶν φωνηέντων καὶ ἡμιφώνων ἀριθμὸς συντέτακται¹.

[1] 5 πρὸς ταῦτα² τοῦ Ἑρμείου φήσαντος ἀμφοτέρους 738d ἀποδέχεσθαι τοὺς λόγους τί οὖν³ ἔφην οὐ καὶ σὺ διῆλθες ἡμῖν, εἴ τις ἔστι λόγος τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν στοιχείων, ὥς γʼ ἐμοὶ⁴ δοκεῖ⁵; τεκμήριον δὲ ποιοῦμαι 10 τὸ μὴ κατὰ τύχην τῶν ἀφώνων καὶ ἡμιφώνων πρὸς τʼ ἄλληλα καὶ πρὸς τὰ φωνήεντα⁶ γεγονέναι τὸ πλῆθος, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ἀναλογίαν ἀν δὲ καλουμένην ὑφʼ⁷ ἡμῶν. ἐννέα γὰρ ὄντων καὶ ὀκτὼ καὶ ἑπτά, οὕτω⁸ τὸν μέσον ἀριθμὸν 15 ὑπερέχειν καὶ ὑπερέχεσθαι συμβέβηκε· τῶν δʼ⁹ ἄκρων ὁ μέγιστος πρὸς; τὸν ἐλάχιστον ἔχει λόγον, ὃν¹⁰ ὁ τῶν Μουσῶν πρὸς τὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος· ἡ γὰρ ἐννεὰς δήπου ταῖς Μούσαις ἡ δʼ ἑβδομὰς τῷ Μουσηγέτῃ 738e προσκεκλήρωται· συντεθέντα¹¹ δʼ ἀλλήλοις διπλασιάζει¹² 20 τὸν μέσον εἰκότως, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὰ ἡμίφωνα τῆς ἀμφοῖν τρόπον τινὰ κοινωνεῖ δυνάμεωσ.

καὶ ὁ Ἑρμείας¹³ Ἑρμῆς ἔφη λέγεται θεῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ γράμματα πρῶτος εὑρεῖν· διὸ καὶ τὸ τῶν γραμμάτων Αἰγύπτιοι πρῶτον ἶβιν γράφουσιν, ὡς Ἑρμεῖ¹⁴ προσήκουσαν, οὐκ ὀρθῶς κατά γε τὴν ἐμὴν 5 δόξαν, ἀναύδῳ καὶ ἀφθόγγῳ προεδρίαν ἐν γράμμασιν ἀποδόντες. Ἑρμεῖ¹⁵ δὲ μάλιστα τῶν ἀριθμῶν ἡ 738f τετρὰς ἀνάκειται· πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τετράδι μηνὸς ἱσταμένου γενέσθαι τὸν θεὸν ἱστοροῦσι. τὰ δὲ¹⁶ δὴ πρῶτα καὶ Φοινίκεια διὰ Κάδμον ὀνομασθέντα τετράκις 10 ἡ τετρὰς γενομένη παρέσχε· καὶ τῶν αὖθις ἐφευρεθέντων δὲ Παλαμήδης τε πρότερος τέτταρα καὶ Σιμωνίδης αὖθις ἄλλα τοσαῦτα προσέθηκε. καὶ μὴν ὅτι¹⁷ πάντων ἀριθμῶν πρῶτος τέλειος¹⁸, ἡ μὲν τριὰς ὡς ἀρχὴν καὶ μέσον¹⁹ ἔχουσα καὶ τέλος, ἡ δʼ ἑξὰς 15 ὡς ἴση τοῖς αὑτῆς μέρεσι γιγνομένη, δῆλόν ἐστι. τούτων τοίνυν ἡ μὲν ἑξὰς ὑπὸ τῆς τετράδος, ἡ δὲ τριὰς ὑπὸ τῆς ὀγδοάδος²⁰ πολλαπλασιασθεῖσα, πρώτου κύβου²¹ πρῶτος τέλειος, τὸ τῶν τεττάρων καὶ εἴκοσι παρέσχηκε²² πλῆθοσ.

[3] 20 ἔτι δʼ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, ὁ γραμματιστὴς Ζωπυρίων δῆλος ἦν καταγελῶν καὶ παρεφθέγγετο· παυσαμένου δέ, οὐ κατέσχεν ἀλλὰ φλυαρίαν τὰ 739a τοιαῦτα πολλὴν ἀπεκάλει· μηδενὶ γὰρ λόγῳ συντυχίᾳ δέ τινι καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν γραμμάτων γεγονέναι 25 τοσοῦτον καὶ τὴν τάξιν οὕτως ἔχουσαν, ὥσπερ, ἔφη, καὶ τὸ τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὸν πρῶτον στίχον τῷ τῆς Ὀδυσσείας ἰσοσύλλαβον εἶναι καὶ πάλιν τῷ τελευταίῳ τὸν τελευταῖον ἐκ τύχης καὶ αὐτομάτως 5 ἐπηκολουθηκέναι.

Question III

[1] HERMEAS saying that he approved both reasons, why then (continued I) do not you explain the proportion, if there be any, of the number of the letters; for, in my opinion, there is; and I think so, because the number of mutes and semi-vowels, compared between themselves or with the vowels, doth not seem casual and undesigned, but to be according to the first proportion which you call arithmetical. For their number being nine, eight, and seven, the middle exceeds the last as much as it wants of the first. And the first number being compared with the last, hath the same proportion that the Muses have to Apollo; for nine is appropriated to them, and seven to him. And these two numbers tied together double the middle; and not without reason, since the semi-vowels partake the power of both.

[2] And Hermeas replied: It is said that Mercury was the first God that discovered letters in Egypt; and therefore the Egyptians make the figure of an Ibis, a bird dedicated to Mercury, for the first letter. But it is not fit, in my opinion, to place an animal that makes no noise at the head of the letters. Amongst all the numbers, the fourth is peculiarly dedicated to Mercury, because, as some say, the God was born on the fourth day of the month. The first letters called Phoenician from Cadmus are four times four, or sixteen; and of those that were afterward added, Palamedes found four, and Simonides four more. Now amongst numbers, three is the first perfect, as consisting of a first, a middle, and a last; and after that six, as being equal the sum of its own divisors (1+2+3). Of these, six multiplied by four makes twenty-four; and also the first perfect number, three, multiplied by the first cube, eight.

[3] Whilst he was discoursing thus, Zopyrion the grammarian sneered and muttered something between his teeth; and, as soon as he had done, cried out that he most egregiously trifled; for it was mere chance, and not design, that gave such a number and order to the letters, as it was mere chance that the first and last verses of Homer’s Iliads have just as many syllables as the first and last of his Odysseys.

Plutarch Quaestiones Convivales 9.3

ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs

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Κατὰ ποίαν ἀναλογίαν ὁ τῶν φωνηέντων καὶ ἡμιφώνων ἀριθμὸς συντέτακται¹.

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Question III

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Κατὰ ποίαν ἀναλογίαν ὁ τῶν φωνηέντων καὶ ἡμιφώνων ἀριθμὸς συντέτακται 1 .

Current edition Perseus

Question III

Notes on the current edition

Stable identifiers

Κατὰ ποίαν ἀναλογίαν ὁ τῶν φωνηέντων καὶ ἡμιφώνων ἀριθμὸς συντέτακται¹.