Plutarch, De exilio, ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs, 10

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[10] ὅπου γὰρ οὐ φαύλως δοκεῖ λέγειν ὁ Καλλίμαχος¹ τό

μὴ μετρεῖν² σχοίνῳ Περσίδι τὴν σοφίην;

ἦπου τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν σχοίνοις καὶ παρασάγγαις 603a μετροῦντες, ἐὰν νῆσον οἰκῶμεν διακοσίων σταδίων, 15 ἀλλὰ μὴ τεσσάρων ἡμερῶν ὥσπερ ἡ Σικελία περίπλουν ἔχουσαν, ὀδυνᾶν ἑαυτοὺς καὶ θρηνεῖν ὀφείλομεν ὡς κακοδαιμονοῦντες; τί γὰρ ἡ πλατεῖα χώρα πρὸς τὸν ἄλυπον βίον; οὐκ ἀκούεις τοῦ Ταντάλου λέγοντος ἐν τῇ τραγῳδίᾳ 20

σπείρω δʼ ἄρουραν δώδεχʼ ἡμερῶν ὁδόν,

Βερέκυντα⁴ χῶρον

εἶτα μετʼ ὀλίγον λέγοντος

οὑμὸς δὲ πότμος⁵ οὐρανῷ κυρῶν ἄνω,

ἔραζε πίπτει, καί με προσφωνεῖ τάδε·

γίγνωσκε τἀνθρώπεια μὴ σέβειν ἄγαν;

ὁ δὲ Ναυσίθοος τὴν εὐρύχωρον Ὑπέρειαν καταλιπὼν διὰ τὸ γειτνιᾶν τοὺς Κύκλωπας αὐτῇ, καὶ μεταστὰς 5 εἰς νῆσον 603b

ἑκὰς ἀνδρῶν⁶ ἀλφηστάων

καὶ κατοικῶν ἀνεπίμικτος ἀνθρώπων

ἀπάνευθε, πολυκλύστῳ ἐνὶ πόντῳ,

⁷ τὸν ἥδιστον παρεσκεύασε βίον τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ πολίταις. 10 τὰς δὲ Κυκλάδας πρότερον μὲν οἱ Μίνω παῖδες, ὕστερον δʼ οἱ Κόδρου καὶ Νείλεω κατῴκησαν, ἐν αἷς τὰ νῦν οἱ ἀνόητοι φυγάδες οἴονται κολάζεσθαι. καίτοι ποία⁸ φυγαδικὴ νῆσος οὐκ ἔστι πλατυτέρα τῆς Σκιλλουντίας χώρας, ἐν ᾗ Ξενοφῶν μετὰ τὴν στρατείαν 15 τὸ λιπαρὸν εἶδε γῆρας; ἡ δʼ Ἀκαδήμεια,⁹ τρισχιλίων χωρίδιον ἐωνημένον, οἰκητήριον ἦν Πλάτωνος καὶ Ξενοκράτους καὶ Πολέμωνος αὐτόθι σχολαζόντων καὶ καταβιούντων τὸν ἅπαντα 603c χρόνον, πλὴν μίαν ἡμέραν, ἐν Ξενοκράτης καθʼ 20 ἕκαστον ἔτος εἰς ἄστυ κατῄει Διονυσίων καινοῖς τραγῳδοῖς, ὡς ἔφασαν, τὴν ἑορτήν. Ἀριστοτέλην δὲ καὶ λελοιδόρηκε Θεόκριτος¹⁰ ὁ Χῖος, ὅτι τὴν παρὰ Φιλίππῳ καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ δίαιταν ἀγαπήσας

εἵλετο ναίειν 25

ἀντʼ Ἀκαδημείας Βορβόρου ἐν προχοαῖς.

ἔστι γὰρ ποταμὸς περὶ Πέλλην, ὃν Μακεδόνες Βόρβορον καλοῦσι. τὰς δὲ νήσους ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες ὑμνῶν καὶ συνιστὰς ἡμῖν ὁ ποιητής,

Λῆμνον δʼ εἰσαφίκανε, πόλιν θείοιο Θόαντος·

¹¹ καὶ 5 603d

ὅσσον Λέσβος ἄνω, μακάρων¹² ἕδος, ἐντὸς ἐέργει·

¹³ καί

Σκῦρον ἑλὼν αἰπεῖαν, Ἐνυῆος πτολίεθρον·¹⁴

καὶ

οἳ δʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίοιο Ἐχινάων θʼ ἱεράων¹⁵ 10

νήσων, αἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἁλὸς, Ἤλιδος ἄντα.

καὶ τῶν ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν νῆσον οἰκεῖν φησι τὸν θεοφιλέστατον Αἴολον, τὸν σοφώτατον Ὀδυσσέα, τὸν ἀνδρειότατον Αἴαντα, τὸν φιλοξενώτατον Ἀλκίνουν.

De exilio. Plutarch. ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs. Leipzig. 1891.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Περὶ φυγῆς (Greek) (Plutarch. Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia, Vol 3. Vernardakēs, Grēgorios N., editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1891.)

Translations (1)

Of Banishment, or Flying One's Country. Perseus (Plutarch. Plutarch's Morals, Vol. 3. Goodwin, William W., editor; Patrick, John, translator. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company; Cambridge: Press of John Wilson and Son, 1874.) — 10 focus

[10] For if that be a good saying of Callimachus, that we ought not to measure wisdom by a Persian cord, much less should we measure happiness by cords of furlongs, or, if we chance to inhabit an island of two hundred furlongs and not (like Sicily) of four days’ sail in compass, think that we ought to disquiet ourselves and lament as if we were very miserable and unfortunate. For what does a place of large extent contribute to the tranquillity of one’s life? Do you not hear Tantalus saying in the tragedy:

I sow the Berecyntian ground,

A field of twelve days’ journey round?

But he says a little after:

My mind, that used to mount the skies,

Fallen to the earth dejected lies,

And now this friendly counsel brings,—

Less to admire all earthly things.

Nausithous, forsaking the spacious country of Hyperia because the Cyclops bordered upon it, and removing to an island far distant from all other people, chose there,

Remote from all commerce t’ abide,

By sea’s surrounding waves denied;

and yet he procured a very pleasant way of living to his own citizens.

The Cyclades islands were formerly inhabited by the children of Minos, and afterwards by the children of Codrus and Neleus; in which now fools that are banished thither think they are punished. And indeed, what island is there to which men are wont to be banished that is not larger than the land that lies about Scillus, in which Xenophon after his military expedition passed delicately his old age? The Academy near Athens, that was purchased for three thousand drachmas, was the place where Plato, Xenocrates, and Polemo dwelt; there they held their schools, and there they lived all their lifetime, except one day every year, when Xenocrates came into the city at the time of the Bacchanals and the new tragedies, to grace the feast, as they say. Theocritus of Chios reproached Aristotle, who affected a court-life with Philip and Alexander, that he chose instead of the Academy rather to dwell at the mouth of Borborus. For there is a river by Pella, which the Macedonians call by that name.

But as for islands, Homer sets himself as it were studiously to commend them in these verses:

He comes to the isle of Lemnos, and the town

Where divine Thoas dwelt, of great renown;

and

As much as fruitful Lesbos does contain,

A seat which Gods above do not disdain;

and

When he to th’ lofty hills of Scyros came,

And took the town that boasts Enyeus’s name;

and

These from Dulichium and th’ Echinades,

Blest isles, that lie ’gainst Elis, o’er the seas.

And among the famous men that dwelt in islands they reckon Aeolus, a great favorite of the Gods, the most prudent Ulysses, the most valiant Ajax, and Alcinous, the most courteous entertainer of strangers.

Notes on the current edition

Περὶ φυγῆς

1. Καλλίμαχος] fr. 481 ed. Schneiderus

2. μετρεῖν] om. mei

3. Nauck. p. 52

4. Βερέκυντα Strabo p. 580: βερέκυνθα

5. οὐμὸς δὲ πότμος Porsonus: θυμὸς δέ ποθ’ ἁμὸς

6. ἀνδρῶν Homerus ζ 8: ἄλλων

7. id. ζ 204

8. ποία] om. mei codd.

9. Ἀκαδήμεια *: ἀκαδημία

10. Θεόκριτος] Mueller. 2 p. 86

11. Hom. Ξ 230

12. μακάρων] Μάκαρος Homerus

13. id. Ω 544

14. id. Ι 668

15. ιδ. β 625

Plutarch De exilio 10

ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs

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