Plutarch, De Pythiae oraculis, ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs, 3

Search the Perseus Catalog for:

← Previous Next →

[3] τίνʼ οὖν αἰτίαν ἔφη ὁ Διογενιανός; οἴει τῆς ἐνταῦθα τοῦ χαλκοῦ χρόας¹γεγονέναι καὶ ὁ Θέων ὅταν ἔφη τῶν πρώτων καὶ φυσικωτάτων καὶ ἐσομένων καὶ ὄντων, πυρὸς καὶ γῆς καὶ ἀέρος καὶ ὕδατος, μηδὲν² ἄλλο τῷ χαλκῷ πλησιάζῃ μηδʼ ὁμιλῇ πλὴν μόνος ὁ ἀήρ, δῆλός ἐστιν ὑπὸ τούτου 5 πεπονθὼς καὶ διὰ τοῦτον ἐσχηκὼς ἣν ἔχει διαφορὰν ἀεὶ συνόντα καὶ προσκείμενον· ἢ

τουτὶ³ μὲν ᾕδεις⁴ πρὶν Θέογνιν γεγονέναι

κατὰ τὸν κωμικόν, ἣν δʼ ἔχων φύσιν ὁ ἀήρ τε 395e χρώμενος δυνάμει κατὰ τὰς ἐπιψαύσεις ἐπικέχρωκε 10 τὸν χαλκὸν ἐπιθυμεῖς μαθεῖν;ʼ φήσαντος δὲ τοῦ Διογενιανοῦ, καὶ γὰρ ἐγώ εἶπεν ὦ παῖ· ζητῶμεν οὖν κοινῇ καὶ πρότερον, εἰ βούλει, διʼ ἣν αἰτίαν μάλιστα τῶν ὑγρῶν ἀναπίμπλησιν⁵ ἰοῦ τοὔλαιον· οὐ γὰρ αὐτόν⁶ γε δήπου τῷ χαλκῷ προστρίβεσθαι τὸν 15 ἰόν, ἅτε δὴ καθαρὸν αὐτῷ καὶ ἀμίαντον πλησιάζοντα · οὐδαμῶς εἶπεν ὁ νεανίας,ἄλλοδʼ αὐτῷ μοι δοκεῖ τούτου⁷ τὸ αἴτιον ὑπάρχειν· λεπτῷ γὰρ ὄντι καὶ καθαρῷ καὶ διαυγεῖ προσπίπτων ὁ ἰὸς 395f ἐκφανέστατός ἐστιν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὑγροῖς ἀφανίζεται.ʼ 20 καὶ ὁ Θέων εὖγʼ εἶπεν ὦ παῖ, καὶ καλῶς·⁸ σκόπει δʼ εἰ βούλει καὶ τὴν ὑπʼ Ἀριστοτέλους αἰτίαν λεγομένην ἀλλὰ βούλομαι εἶπε. φησὶ τοίνυν τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ὑγρῶν ἐπιόντα διέχειν ἀδήλως καὶ διασπείρεσθαι τὸν ἰόν, ἀνωμάλων τῶν πόρων⁹ καὶ μανῶν ὄντων·¹⁰ τοῦ δʼ ἐλαίου τῇ πυκνότητι στέγεσθαι καὶ διαμένειν ἀθροιζόμενον. ἂν οὖν καὶ αὐτοί τι τοιοῦτον ὑποθέσθαι δυνηθῶμεν, 5 οὐ παντάπασιν ἀπορήσομεν ἐπῳδῆς καὶ παραμυθίας πρὸς τὴν ἀπορίαν.

De Pythiae oraculis. Plutarch. ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs. Leipzig. 1891.

Sponsored by Perseus Project, Tufts University.

Funding provided by The National Endowment for the Humanities.

Current edition Perseus

Περὶ τοῦ μὴ χρᾶν ἔμμετρα νῦν τὴν Πυθίαν (Greek) (Plutarch. Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia, Vol II. Vernardakēs, Grēgorios N., editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1891.)

Translations (2)

The Oracle at Delphi no Longer Given in Verse Perseus (Plutarch. Moralia, Vol. V. Babbitt, Frank Cole, translator. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1936 (printing).) — 3 focus

[3] What do you think, then, said Diogenianus, has been the cause of the colour of the bronze here?

Theon replied, When of the primal and simplest elements in Nature, as they are called and actually are — fire, earth, air, and water — there is none other that comes near to the bronze or is in contact with it, save only air, it is clear that the bronze is affected by this, and that because of this it has acquired whatever distinctive quality it has, since the air is always about it and environs it closely.¹ Of a truth

All this I knew before Theognis’ day,²

as the comic poet has it. But is it your desire to learn what property the air possesses and what power it exerts in its constant contact, so that it has imparted a colouring to the bronze?

As Diogenianus assented, Theon said, And so also is it my desire, my young friend; let us, therefore, investigate together, and before anything else, if you will, the reason why olive-oil most of all the liquids covers bronze with rust. For, obviously, the oil of itself does not deposit the rust, since it is pure and stainless when applied.

Certainly not, said the young man. My own opinion is that there must be something else that causes this, for the oil is thin, pure, and transparent, and the rust, when it encounters this, is most visible, but in the other liquids it becomes invisible.

Well done, my young friend, said Theon, and excellently said. But consider, if you will, the reason given by Aristotle.³

Very well, said he, I will.

Now Aristotle says that when the rust absorbs any of the other liquids, it is imperceptibly disunited and dispersed, since these are unevenly and thinly constituted; but by the density of the oil it is prevented from escaping and remains permanently as it is collected. If, then, we are able of ourselves to invent some such hypothesis, we shall not be altogether at a loss for some magic spell and some words of comfort to apply to this puzzling question.

Wherefore the Pythian Priestess now Ceases to Deliver her Oracles in Verse Perseus (Plutarch. Plutarch's Morals, Vol. III. Goodwin, William W., editor; Philips, John, translator. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company; Cambridge: Press of John Wilson and Son, 1874.) — 3 focus

[3] What then, said Diogenianus, do you believe to be the cause of this extraordinary color in the brass? And Theo replied: Seeing that of those first and most natural elements, which are and ever will be,—that is to say, fire, air, earth, and water,—there is none that approaches so near to brass or that so closely environs it as air alone, we have most reason to believe that the air occasions it, and that from thence proceeds the difference which brass displays from other metals Or did you know this even before Theognis was born, as the comic poet intimates; but would you know by what natural quality or by what virtual power this same air thus colors the brass, being touched and surrounded by it? Yes, said Diogenianus; and so would I, dear son, replied the worthy Theo. First then let us endeavor, altogether with submission to your good pleasure, said the first propounder, to find out the reason wherefore of all moistures oil covers brass with rust. For it cannot be imagined that oil of itself causes that defilement, if when first laid on it is clean and pure. By no means, said the young gentleman, in regard the effect seems to proceed from another cause; for the rust appears through the oil, which is thin, pure, and transparent, whereas it is clouded by other more thick and muddy liquors, and so is not able to show itself. It is well said, son, replied the other, and truly; but hear, however, and then consider the reason which Aristotle produces. I am ready, returned the young gentleman. He says then, answered the other, that the rust insensibly penetrates and dilates itself through other liquids, as being of parts unequal, and of a thin substance; but that it grows to a consistency, and is, as it were, incorporated by the more dense substance of the oil. Now if we could but suppose how this might be done, we should not want a charm to lull this doubt asleep.

Notes on the current edition

Περὶ τοῦ μὴ χρᾶν ἔμμετρα νῦν τὴν Πυθίαν

1. χρόας Duebnerus: χροιᾶς

2. μηδὲν Basileensis: καὶ μηδὲν

3. τουτὶ Cobetus: τοῦτο. cf. Kock. Fragm. Com. 3 p. 495

4. ἤδεις Turnebus ( ἤδειν p. 777 c). Eius loco lac. in codd. 11 litt. in E

5. ἀναπίμπλησιν] sc. ὁ ἀὴρ

6. αὐτὸν *: αὐτὸ

7. τούτου Turnebus: τοῦτο

8. καλῶς R. Lacuna 7 litt. (in E) εἶπεν X: εἰπεῖν

9. τῶν πόρων R. Eius loco lacuna in codd. 8 litt. in E

10. μανῶν ὄντων Vulcobius: μενόντων

Plutarch De Pythiae oraculis 3

ed. Grēgorios N. Vernardakēs

Search the Perseus Catalog for:

Current edition Perseus

Notes on the current edition

Stable identifiers