Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 6.17.3

Henry Dale (Translator)

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History of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides. Henry Dale (Translator). London. 1851.

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Current edition First1KGreek

History of the Peloponnesian War (English) (Thucydides. The history of the Peloponnesian War, Volume 1-2. Dale, Henry, translator. London: Heinemann and Henry G. Bohn, 1851-1852.)

Editions (1)
Ἱστορίαι Perseus (Thucydides. Historiae, Vol 1-2. Jones, Henry Stuart, editor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1910. (1942 printing).) — 6.17.3 focus
Translations (9)
The History of the Grecian War Perseus (Thucydides. The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury. Hobbes, Thomas. translator. London: John Bohn, 1843.) — 6.17.3 focus
History of the Peloponnesian War Perseus (Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Crawley, Richard, translator. London and Toronto: J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd.; New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1914.) — 6.17.3 focus
Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs First1KGreek (Thucydides. Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs. Wahrmund, Adolf, translator. Stuttgart: Krais and Hoffmann, 1864.) — 6.17 focus
Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs First1KGreek (Thucydides. Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Kriegs. Braun, Theodor, translator. Leipzig: Insel-Verlag, 1917.) — 6.17 focus
Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponèse First1KGreek (Thucydides. Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponnése, Vol. 1-2. Zévort, Marie Charles, translator. Paris: Charpentier, 1852.) — 6.17 focus
Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponnése First1KGreek (Thucydides. Histoire de la Guerre du Péloponnése. Bétant, Élie-Ami, translator. Paris: Librairie de L. Hachette, 1863.) — 6.17 focus
History of the Peloponnesian War First1KGreek (Thucydides, Vol. 1-4. Smith, Charles Foster, translator. London and Cambridge, MA: Heinemann and Harvard University Press, 1919-1923.) — 6.17.3 focus
Historia Belli Peloponnesiaci First1KGreek (Historia Belli Peloponnesiaci. Haase, Friedrich, translator. Paris: Firmin Didot, 1869.) — 6.17.3 focus
La storia di Tucidide First1KGreek (Thucydides. Della storia di Tucidide volgarizzata libri otto. Anonymous translator. Florence: Tipografia Galileiana, 1835.) — 6.17 focus

Notes on the current edition

History of the Peloponnesian War

1. τὰ ἐν τῇ χῶρᾳ ... κατασκευαῖς.]
This would refer not only to public works for the defence of the country, such as forts, or the fortifications of the city itself, but to what we should call ordinary improvements, such as roads, bridges, etc., and perhaps ornamental buildings, whether temples or theatres.
— Arnold. I cannot but think that in addition to these objects of expenditure, if not before them all, reference is made to the slaves, cattle, and implements, with which the land ought to be stocked, but was not, in consequence of the unsettled state of the country. As οὐδείς seems to refer to individuals, not to states, in the preceding clause, it would naturally refer to them in this also; as ἕκαστος also does in the following sentence. And with regard to this signification of κατασκευή, it is one which both the noun and the verb formed from it repeatedly convey in Xenophon's political and economical treatises; e.g. De Vectigalibus, IV. 11, ὅπως θαρσοῦνα ες μὲν ὅτι πλέιστους ἀνθρώπους ἐπὶ τὰ ἀργύρια ἄγωμεν, θαρσοῦντες δὲ κατασκευαζώμεθα ἐν αὐτοῖς. And again, 41, εἰ δὲ τινες αὖ φοβοῦνται, μὴ ματαία ἄν γένοιτο αὐτη ἡ κατασκευὴ, εἰ πόλεμος ὲγερθείη ... τί γὰρ δὴ εἰς πόλεμον κτῆμα χρησιμώτερον ἀνθρώπων. And in the same way, Thucydides himself uses the verb particularly with reference to slaves, as though they formed the chief stock in the country, in another speech which he puts into the mouth of Alcibiades; ch. 91. 7, οἷς τε γὰρ ἡ χώρα κατεσκεύασται, τὰ πολλὰ πρὸς ὑμᾶς, τὰ μὲν ληφθέντα τὰ δ᾽ αὐτόματα, ἥξει. I think therefore that in the present passage also by the expression τὰ ἐν τῇ χωρα νομίμοις κατασκευαῖς he means the different parts of an agricultural property, and more especially the slaves, which formed the most valuable and important part, while a country was in a peaceful and prosperous condition; but one so likely to be lost in a period of war and revolution, that the Siceliots, according to the view of their unsettled state which Alcibiades here gives, would have very little inducement to invest their money in them.

Commentary

Commentary on Thucydides: Book 6 (Thucydides, Book VI. Marchant, Edgar C., editor. London: Macmillan and Company, 1909.) focus

ἐξ οὖ —with θαρσοῦσιν. Though they won in 418, yet even in 415 their confidenee is not fully restored. This boast is of no value.

ἡ ἐ. νεότης καὶ ἄνοια —joined also by Andoc. 2, 7.

παρὰ φ. δοκοῦσα εἶ —with ἄνοια only, which is added as an alternative for νεότης. ‘This was the way in which my . . in dealing with the power of the Pel. was associated with reasonable arguments, and by its vehemence won credence and persuaded men.’ For the readings see crit. n. The antithesis in ἄνοια and λόγοις πρέπουσι contains the chief point of the sentence.

ἐς . . δύναμιν means the hostile power of Pel., not the alliance formed by Alc.

ὀργή is ‘impulse’ rather than ‘anger.’ αὐτήν—νεότητα, which throughout is uppermost in the speaker's mind.

πεφόβησθε — M.T. § 107.

δοκεῖ εἶναι —carries us back to δοκοῦσα εἶναι, and is somewhat sarcastic. Nicias worshipped εὑτυχία.

ξυμμείκτοις —referring, not to the immigrations, but to the ehanges among the inhabitants under the Sicilian tyrants or at their fall. ‘Observers in Old Greece did not fail to contrast these constant changes with the comparative stability of things in their own cities. . . No man looked on the land in which he dwelled as really his country; each man in his schemes reckoned on the chance of having to leave the city where he lived, and of finding house and lands elscwhere’ (Freeman).

ἐπιδοχάς —the acceptance of new constitutions means really the acceptance of democracies, which in 415 were not so unstable as Alc. represents.

καὶ οὐδείς —‘the result is that no one has obtained a supply of arms for his personal equipment or of suitable ( νομίμοις = ἱκαναῖς Schol.) defences for the public property.’ κατασκευαί=permanent works, for which no proper provision has been made since the fall of the tyrants.

ἐξήρτυται —mid.

ὅ τι δέ —‘but each man seeks to get only that which either by persuasive argument or by political strife he hopes to obtain and in case of failure to settle (with it) in another land.’ The money which ought to go in ὅπλα and κατασκευαί goes instead into the pockets of individuals: the politicians there think only of providing themselves with funds in view of the chance that they may be driven out. ταῦτα after ὅ τι is a slight anacoluthon of a common kind.

ἐκ τοῦ λέγων πείθειν —an allusion to the rise of rhetoric and oratory in Sicily. Diodorus 11, 87 speaks of the number of demagogues at Syracuse, circ. 450 B.C., καὶ λόγου δεινότης ὑπὸ τῶν νεωτέρων ἠσκεῖτο. If the pieture as given in Diod. is at all accurate, the deseription of Alc. contains much truth, at least as applied to the Syracuse of a somewhat earher time.

στασιάζων = ἐκ τοῦ στασιάζειν. Diod. l.c. στάσεων γιγνομένων πάλιν . . ἡ πόλις εἰς συνεχεῖς καὶ μεγάλας ἐνέπιπτε ταραχάς.

ὅμιλον —this word is confined to poetry, to Herod., Thuc., and late authors.

ὡς with ἕκαστος and ἑκάτερος without a verb, after Herod. and Thuc., first reappears in Aristotle.

καθ) ἡδονήν — i.e. would be ready to join any one who could show by argument that he could serve them.

οὔτε οἱ ἄλλοι Ἕλληνες —‘neither did the rest of . . prove to be so numerous as the forces of the several states reckoned themselves to be; on the eontrary G., finding she was greatly deceived about their number, was with difficulty provided with an adequate force of hoplites in this war.’ As Alc. is not referring only to Athens and Sparta, and there were certainly hostilities in the Peloponnese, there is no difficulty in τῷδε, nor is there any ground for rejecting καὶ μὴν . . ὡπλίσθη as spurious with Classen. Alc. himself was no believer in the Peace of Nicias.

κομπῶ —is an Ionie word.

βαρβάρους γάρ —explaining εὐπορώτερα. The Sicels did in fact join the A. in large numbers.

οἱ γὰρ πατέρες — i e. from 478 to 449 B.C.

ἀνέλπιστοι —active, ‘despondent.’

νῦν is aecommodated to εἴ τε . . ἔρρωνται, where τε corresponds to οὔτε, ‘even if they are ever so confident, to invade us is in their power.’

τὸ μὲν ἐσβάλλειν is aecus. of ‘respect,’ as in II. 53 τὸ μὲν προσταλαιπωρεῖν οὐδεὶς πρόθυμος ἦν ( M.T. § 795).